No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

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BACKGROUND: To assess the corneal endothelium, central corneal thickness and the factors associated with endothelial cell damage after phacoemulsification in diabetics in comparison with non-diabetics METHODS: It was a case control study with 80 eyes each in the diabetic group and the control group. Intraoperative mydriasis, effective phaco time (EPT) and postoperative inflammation were measured. Preoperative, 1 st week, 6 th week and 3 rd month postoperative endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also measured using Konan noncon robo specular microscope (Model - NSP 9900). RESULTS: In the control group, patients in the age group of 60-69 years were 3.8 times more at risk of ECL compared to patients in the age group of 50-59 years. Patients in whom EPT was ≥0.50 min, were 8.8 times more at risk of ECL when compared to patients in whom EPT <0.25 min. In the diabetic group, patients who had an inflammatory score of 1+ in the first postoperative week; also had 5.7 times more risk of ECL when compared to patients in whom the inflammatory score was 0.5+ in the first postoperative week. There was a significant increase in CV ( p -0.03) and CCT ( p -0.03), significant decrease in the hexagonality ( p -0.01) and no statistically significant difference in the endothelial cell loss (ECL) ( p -0.34) in diabetics after phacoemulsification when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals postoperative inflammation as a risk factor for ECL in diabetics and not intraoperative mydriasis and EPT.

Here, we report a case of acute endothelial graft rejection following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A 57-year-old woman who underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for a perforated infectious corneal ulcer in her right eye developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which required intensive care and treatment with steroids. Acute endothelial graft rejection was seen at three weeks postoperatively and managed with high-dose corticosteroids. Despite standard therapy, secondary graft failure was observed. Immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 may be a significant cause of acute endothelial graft rejection among keratoplasty patients with COVID-19.

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The majority of injuries in children and adults occurred in their homes or workplaces, respectively. Although the clinical presentations of open globe injuries were significantly more grave in adults than in children, the final visual outcomes were similar.

Two boys presented with primary solitary stromal iris cyst in the inferior quadrant. Both patients were treated with Nd:YAG laser puncturing the cyst wall. The cyst wall collapsed and fluid leaked out in the anterior chamber. No complication was noted. The cyst recurred in the first child at 2 months of follow-up and was re-treated with laser. There was no further recurrence after 12 months of follow-up in case 1 or after 10 months of follow-up in case 2. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented report of Nd:YAG treatment of primary stromal cyst.