Mn and Fe-doped Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple precipitation method. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. XRD analysis showed the cubic structure of Co3O4. SEM and TEM images confirmed the formation of interconnected nanoparticles. Mn and Fe-doped Co3O4 showed broad absorption in the visible region compared to undoped sample and the band gap values are red shifted. Five Raman active modes were observed from the Raman spectra. FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure of Co3O4 and the doping of Mn and Fe shifts the vibrational modes to lower wave number region. The magnetic measurements confirmed that Fe-doped Co3O4 shows a little ferromagnetic behavior compared to undoped and Mn-doped Co3O4, which could be related to the uncompensated surface spins and the finite size effects.
Using picosecond Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), dielectric relaxation studies have been carried out on binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-heptanol and 1-octanol for various concentrations over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 10 GHz at 293 K. The Kirkwood correlation factor and excess inverse relaxation times were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular structure and dynamics of the mixture. The static permittivity and relaxation time decrease with an increase in the percentage of methyl methacrylate.
FTIR Spectroscopy / Alcohols / Hydrogen BondingThe hydrogen bonding between methyl methacrylate and primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols has been studied by using FTIR spectroscopic method. The most likely association complex between alcohol and methyl methacrylate is 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex through the hydroxyl group of alcohol and the carbonyl group of methyl methacrylate. The formation constant of the 1 : 1 complexes has been calculated using Nash method. It appears that the primary alcohols have larger formation constant than the secondary and tertiary alcohols. The results show that the proton donating power of the alcohols decreases in the order primary > secondary > tertiary and the association constant increases with the increase in carbon chain of the alkyl group of alcohols.
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