Background: Pediatric age group has the highest incidence of supracondylar fracture of humerus, the most common being the extension type. A precise evaluation and planning is required for deciding the modality of treatment for these fractures. They are most widely managed by utilizing two methods; crossed pinning and lateral pinning. The task at hand remains to determine the superiority of either of these techniques over the other. Materials and Methods: A prospective, single blinded, randomized control trial with 68 cases, out of which 46 were boys and 22 were girls was conducted. Mean age group of study was 8.4 years. Type III supracondylar fractures were included in this study based on Gartland classification. Detailed postoperative primary assessment for major loss of reduction and iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury was done. Clinical outcome, elbow range of motion, radiographic measurement, Flynn's grading and complications were the secondary parameters which were assessed. Results: Both groups exhibited no major loss of reduction. Change of Boumann angle was statistically insignificant. Metaphysial-Diaphysial angle, Flynn grade, carrying angle and total elbow range of motion between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Lateral pin fixation offers parallel results in terms of functional and radiological outcomes and nearly equal mechanical stability compared to medial-lateral pinning without the added shortcoming of possibility of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.
Background: The fact that tramadol can be used as an antidepressant, has been already proved by some animal studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antidepressant activity of tramadol in albino mice using forced swim model.Methods: Forced swimming test (FST) model was used to evaluate the antidepressant effect. Mice in the group "I" were given normal saline. Mice in the group II were given imipramine. Mice in the group III were given tramadol 10mg/kg. Mice in the group IV were given tramadol 20mg/kg. Mice in the group V were given tramadol 40mg/kg. All doses in all groups were given by intra peritoneum route.Results: The average values of immobility in group I were higher significantly compared to group III, IV and V. The values of group I and group II were found to be comparable. It was found that the baseline mean value was 196.33 which reduced to 5.16 with the effect of imipramine where imipramine was given to those mice. But in tramadol 10mg group, it was highest, and it came down to 40.66 and as the dose of tramadol was increased, the immobility time reduced from 40.66 at 10mg dose to 31.33 at 20mg dose and finally to 13.33mg at 40mg dose.Conclusions: Considering the results of two different animal models of depression it can be concluded that Tramadol has antidepressant activity at 10mg, 20mg, 40mg which was almost similar to Imipramine.
This is with reference to the excellent and thought provoking case report "Anaesthesia for congenital lobar emphysema" {M}AFI 1995; 51 : 53-5J. Certain features about the management ofthe case require clarification as noted below.
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