We derive the poleward migration trajectory diagram of the filament bands for the years 1915-1982 from the H-alpha synoptic charts. We find that the global solar activity commences soon after the polar field reversal in the form of two components in each hemisphere. The first component we identify with the polar faculae that appear at latitudes 40-70 ~ and migrate polewards. The second and the more powerful component representing the sunspots shows up at ~40 ~ latitudes 5-6 years later and drifts equatorward giving rise to the butterfly diagram. Thus the global solar activity is described by the faculae and the sunspots that occur at different latitude belts and displaced in time by 5-6 years. This gives rise to the prolonged duration for the global solar activity lasting for 16-18 years as against the 11 years which has come about based only on the spots. The two components match with the pattern of the coronal emission in 5303 ~ line. Finally, we show that the two components of activity also match with the pattern of excess shear associated with the torsional oscillations on the Sun and this provides a link between the torsional oscillations and the magnetic activity.

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Although the Ca II K232 network is known to be cospatial with magnetic elements there has been doubt as to the magnetic origin of the fainter Kzv points. We demonstrate that weak magnetic elements also lie at the roots of the K2v points, and because the latter are numerous they may contribute sensibly to the integrated light profile of Ca II K.

Properties of a latitude zonal component of the large-scale solar magnetic field are analyzed on the basis of He charts for 1905-1982. Poleward migration of prominences is used to determine the time of reversal of the polar magnetic field for 1870-1905. It is shown that in each hemisphere the polar, middle latitude and equatorial zones of the predominant polarity of large-scale magnetic field can be detected by calculating the average latitude &prominence samples referred to one boundary of the large-scale magnetic field. The cases of a single and three-fold polar magnetic field reversal are investigated. It is shown that prominence samples referred to one boundary of the large-scale magnetic field do not have any regular equatorward drift. They manifest a poleward migration with a variable velocity up to 30 m s-1 depending on the phase of the cycle. The direction of migration is the same for both low-latitude and high-latitude zones. Two different time intervals of poleward migration are found. One lasts from the beginning of the cycle to the time of polar magnetic field reversal and the other lasts from the time of reversal to the time of minimum activity. The velocity of poleward migration of prominences during the first period is from 5 m s ~ to 30 m s -~ and the second period is devoid of regular latitude drift.

Fungal organisms (61%) are the most common cause of infectious keratitis in this patient population. Of all organisms, S. pneumoniae was the most common organism identified. Smear microscopy is reliable in rapidly determining the etiology of the corneal infection and can be used to help guide initial therapy in this setting.

Poleward migration of the magnetic neutral line on the Sun has been calculated for the periods 1945-1950 and 1955-1981 using synoptic charts based on Hc~ observations. Epochs of sign reversal of the solar magnetic field at latitudes 50 ~ to 90 ~ have been determined for these periods. During the cycles 19 and 20 a threefold sign reversal took place in the northern hemisphere. During all the above cycles both the solar poles were of one polarity for a period ranging from 0.5 to 1 year. The poleward drift velocity of the magnetic neutral line varies from 6 to 29 m s-1 and seems to depend on the strength of the cycle.

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Purpose Describe the presentation and management of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK-like inflammation and secondary limbal stem cell dysfunction in the setting of ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Methods Retrospective observational case series in a multicenter clinical practice. Participants were 13 patients (26 eyes) with ocular cGVHD and SLK-like inflammation presenting to the University of Illinois at Chicago and Boston Foundation for Sight between January 1, 2009 and July 1, 2013. Main outcome measures 1) Reversal or worsening of SLK, and 2) development of limbal stem cell dysfunction. Results All eyes showed evidence of SLK-like inflammation and superior limbal stem cell dysfunction manifested by conjunctival injection and superior conjunctival and corneal staining. In addition to aggressive lubrication, management strategies for SLK included topical steroids (20/26), punctal occlusion (18/26), topical cyclosporine (24/26), autologous serum tears (12/26), therapeutic soft contact lens (13/26 eyes) and scleral lenses (4/26 eyes). SLK and limbal stem cell dysfunction were reversed in 23/26 eyes. Three eyes of two patients with long-standing disease demonstrated frank limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and corneal pannus, with one patient requiring multiple reconstructive surgical procedures. Conclusions SLK-like inflammation is an under-recognized condition in patients with severe dry eyes secondary to ocular cGVHD. Untreated SLK can potentially lead to permanent LSCD over time. Early recognition and management of SLK in ocular cGVHD can improve vision, reverse signs, and may prevent these long-term consequences.