The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Salacia reticulata leaves and root bark extracts in 29 patients with prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia. Patients received either Salacia extracts (500 mg/day) or placebo along with therapeutic lifestyle changes for a period of 6 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated in terms of change in lipid profile and glycemic levels. The safety and tolerability was evaluated by a physical examination and clinical laboratory evaluations. Improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic levels were observed in Salacia extract-treated groups when compared to placebo at week 6. A statistical significant reduction was observed in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels at week 3 and 6 when treated with root bark extract. The leaves extract-treated group showed statistically significant reduction in FBS levels at week 6 only. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study. This study revealed that treatment with S. reticulata was safe and well-tolerated and may be beneficial in the management of prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia.
Background: Organophosphates (OP) are a diverse group of insecticides used for pest control. Due to easy availability of these compounds over the counter, organophosphate poisoning continues to be a major cause of deliberate self-harm. Although choline esterase inhibition plays a key role in OP poisoning, other metabolic factors like dysglycemia contribute to the severity of poisoning. The present study attempts to assess glycaemic variability as a probable prognostic factor in acute OP poisoning. Aim of the study was to correlate the blood glucose levels with the severity and treatment outcome of acute organophosphate poisoning.Methods: 100 patients of acute organophosphate poisoning admitted in the hospitals affiliated to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute during the study period from August 2018 to July 2019, were enrolled into the study as per the inclusion criteria and graded into mild, moderate & severe, based on Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. Random blood sugar (RBS) was estimated at the time of admission and patients were followed up till recovery/death.Results: The patients in this study were categorized into hypoglycemics (10%), euglycemics (75%) and hyperglycemic (15%). 16% of euglycemics, 30% of hypoglycemics and 60% of hyperglycemics had severe grade of poisoning. The ventilator requirements in hypoglycaemics, euglycemics and hyperglycemics were 40%,48% and 80% respectively. The outcome in terms of mortality was 8% in euglycemics group and 20% in hyperglycemics group. Hence hyperglycemia was found to be a poor prognostic marker in acute organophosphate poisoning.Conclusions: RBS at admission in acute organophosphate poisoning patients is a simple, inexpensive tool that may help to predict the clinical outcome. Early identification of the poor prognostic indicators may help in timely intervention, to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in a resource limited country like India.
Individuals suffering from Type 2 diabetes develop prediabetes before progression of diabetes. In case of prediabetes people, the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not sufficient to be diagnosed as diabetes. On the basis of existing reports on Sesame extract, SesaVita TM which is an herbal food supplement containing Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) extract may provide an option for management of prediabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the beneficial effects of SesaVita TM in prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia subjects. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study comprised of 13 female and 07 male patients with prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia, aged between 18 and 65 years. Twenty subjects were randomized to receive SesaVita TM (500 mg/day) or placebo along with therapeutic lifestyle changes for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the measure of efficacy in terms of change in serum lipid profile and glycaemic levels on week 3 and 6. Secondary outcome measures include safety and tolerability evaluated by physical examination and clinical laboratory evaluations. Improvements in lipid profile and glycaemic levels were observed in SesaVita TM treated group when compared with placebo and baseline. A statistical significant reduction was observed in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels during week 3 and 6 when treated with SesaVita TM extract. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study. This study revealed that the treatment with SesaVita TM was safe and well tolerated; may be beneficial in the management of prediabetes and mild-to-moderate hyperlipidemia.
Background: Acetaminophen commonly called as paracetamol is the most used ‘over-the-counter’ analgesic for headache, musculoskeletal pain, dysmenorrhoea etc. It is the best drug to be used as antipyretic for fever due to any cause and safest to be prescribed in all age groups. Antipyretic dose of acetaminophen is 325 to 650 mg; 3 to 4 times a day and is available in the strength of 650 mg and 500 mg tablets. This study was conducted to analyse the antipyretic efficacy and safety profile of two different doses of acetaminophen in patients with low grade fever.Methods: 300 hospitalised patients aged more than 18 years, in department of General Medicine, having low grade fever (38º to 39º C) were randomly allocated into two groups of 150 each, group A received 500 mg and group B received 650 mg of single oral dose of acetaminophen tablets. Oral temperature was measured before dosing, 30 minutes after dosing, one hour, two hourlies thereafter for 6 hours after the dose. Safety was assessed by monitoring for adverse effects during the study and 24 hours after administration of the assigned drug.Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in temperature in group B patients from baseline 39.06±0.87º C to 37.02±0.89º C at the end of 6th hour as compared with 39.18±0.80º C to 38.03±0.77º C in Group A patients (p=0.031).Conclusions: Our study concluded that acetaminophen in a dose of 650 mg is highly efficacious antipyretic drug compared to acetaminophen 500 mg with no adverse effects.
Background: Acute kidney injury is a common problem with various causes and consequences like electrolyte disturbances in the form of hypocalcaemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia depending on the phase. Hypomagnesaemia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbance found in hospitalized patients especially in the critically ill patients. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia varies from 11 to 65% in different studies. Hence, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate correlation of serum magnesium levels in AKI.Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based time bound study was conducted between November 2016 and August 2018 with a sample of 100 patients aged 18-65 years and who had AKI were included and patients with diabetes mellitus, multi-organ dysfunction, obstructive uropathy and drug induced AKI were excluded from study. The decrease in magnesium <1.7 mg/L was defined as hypomagnesaemia. AKI was defined as per AKIN criteria. Day 1, day 3 and day 6 magnesium levels were measured.Results: Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia was 53%, 30% and 36% on day 1, day 3 and day 6 respectively. It was observed that there was a positive correlation between serum magnesium, and serum creatinine. Normomagnsemia and hypermagnesemia on day 1, 3 and 6 were significantly associated with recovery of AKI (p<0.001).Conclusions: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was significantly higher in AKI patients and normal magnesium and hypermagnesium on day 1, 3 and day 6 was associated with recovery than non-recovery. Hypomagnesemia was associated more with non-recovery then recovery.
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