Key Words: Hal icephalo bus; ho rses; Micron ern a; posth iti s.Halicephalobus in fectio n a pparen tly is a worldwi de ph enomeno n; it has been rep orted o n five co ntinents in seven diffe re nt co untries : the Un ited Sta tes , th e United Kingd om , Jap an , Egypt, Switzer land , Th e Neth er lands: and Co lo mbia.' Inflam mation o f the ce ntra l nervo us system is a co nsistent fea ture of Halicephaiobus infecti on in h uman bei ngs' an d is a lm ost a lwa ys in vol ved in eq uine in fecti on s." In a review of reported Halicephalobus infecti on in horses, the bra in was th e m ost co m monly in vo lved tissue, follow ed in descend ing order by th e kidne ys, o ra l a nd nasal ca vities, lym ph nod es, lu ngs, spina l co rd, a nd adrena l gla nd, with single rep orts o f hea rt , liver, sto mac h, ganglion, a nd bon e involvcm cnt. !" G ran ulom a tou s os teoa rt hr itis indu ced by II. deletrix has a lso been rep orted ."In Ja nu ar y 1990, a 5-year-o ld ma le Ara bia n showho rsc was exa mi ned by an Albuq uerq ue vete rinaria n becau se o f mu lti ple nod ules on th e exte rna l lam ina of th e prep uce. T he a nima l was nat ive to New Mexico. O ther horses in th e stable we re un affected . Antecedent tra uma had not bee n o bse rved by the ow ner. No d ule di a me ters were 0.5-1 cm , an d th e ski n was ulcera ted over the surfaces. No ot he r cli nica l signs were ev iden t. A bio psy was perfo rm ed , and th e spec ime n was exa mi ned by a patho logist with the New Mexico Depa rtment of Agricult ure . After a prelimina ry d iagnosis of cuta neo us hali cephalo biasis, th e ho rse was treated with ivermect in an d di eth ylcarbamazine. Th e rem a in ing nodules subse q ue ntly regressed. T he biop sy spec ime n was subm itte d to the Ar me d Fo rces In stitute of Pat hology for co nfir ma tio n of the d iagnosis.Hi st o logically, the dermi s was marked ly thi ckened by a d i ffuse gra n ulo ma to us in filt ra te th at di srupted dermal co llagen a nd exte nde d to the ulcerat ed surface. T he in filtra te co ns isted of a b unda nt mu lti n uclea ted gia nt cells, ma crophages, cos ino phils, nc utrop hi ls, and nodula r aggregates of lym ph ocytes a nd plasm a cells (F ig. I ). T hro ugh o ut the section , there were numerou s ad ults , la rvae, and developing eggs ofa nem at od e par asite. Ad ult fem a les, 20 Jlm at th eir grea tes t d iam et er, were ob ser ved . No ma les were seen. The parasite had a smoot h, th in cuticle ; a plat yrn yar ia n-rnerorn yar ian muscul at ure; a psc ud ococ lum ; a rh abditifo rm esophag us co mposed of a corpus , isthm us, a nd bul b (Fig . 2); a nd a n in testina l tract co m posed of single n uclea ted lo w cuboi da l ce lls. There was a single geni ta l tube con ta ini ng o nly one mat ure egg. T he ovary was do rso flcxcd, a nd the uterus was ve ntroflexed a t th e v ulva (Fig. 3). La rvae were up to 10 Jlm in d ia me ter and also had rha bd itifo rm eso phagi. Adults an d Fig. I. Prepuce; horse. A pleocellu lar gra n ulo ma to us reaction surro und...
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