The present study is to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles on different polysaccharide templates calcined at controlled temperature, characterizing them for spectroscopic and magnetic studies leading to evaluate their antibacterial property. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer. The iron oxide nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity against grampositive and gram-negative bacterial species. The XRD confirms the crystalline nature of iron oxide nanoparticles with the mean crystallite size of 10 nm. The functional groups of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were 547, 543 and 544 cm -1 characterizing the Fe-O and the broad bands at 3,398, 3,439 and 3,427 cm -1 were attributed to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl group absorbed by iron oxide nanoparticles. HRTEM analyses revealed that the average particle size of the hematite nanoparticles are about 85, 92 and 77 nm for AF, DF and GF, respectively, which was a coincident with the results obtained from the HRSEM analysis. Magnetic measurement exhibited ferromagnetic behavior of the a-Fe 2 O 3 at the room temperature with higher coercivity of H C = 2,303, 2,333 and 1,019 Oe for AF, DF and GF, respectively. Antibacterial test showed the inhibition against Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli with significant antagonistic activity.
Polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI‐EB) powder was synthesized by oxidative polymerization of aniline. The PANI‐EB films were prepared by the solution‐casting technique. The temperature‐dependent dc conductivity measured in the range 173–303 K suggests that the PANI‐EB is a quasi‐one‐dimensional disordered conductor. The current‐voltage characteristics of the PANI‐EB films measured in the range 333–383 K showed the SCLC mechanism. The SCLC parameters such as free carrier density (p0), trap density (pt), the ratio between free carrier density to the total carrier density (θ), mobility (µ) and the effective hole mobility (µeff) were calculated. The activation energy (Ea = 0.32 eV) and the Fermi level (EF = 0.42 eV) were estimated. As well as these, the trap parameters such as the trap filled limit voltage (VTFL), the shallow trap density (Nt), the depth of the dominant trap level (Et − Ev), the density of states within the hole mobility edge (Nv) and the characteristic energy (Ec) were also calculated and presented. The exponential type of traps distribution with large number of traps was found to be due to the disorder and moisture in the polymer films. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been synthesized using co-precipitation method. Their microstructure and dielectric properties were studied. The sugar solutions like glucose, fructose and sucrose were used as stabilizers to control the size of the SPIONs. The crystal structure and grain size of the particles were determined by X-ray diffraction. The magnetic studies of the samples were carried out using the vibrating sample magnetometer and their surface morphology was studied by HRTEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential. The dielectric properties of glucose-SPIONs (GF), fructose-SPIONs (FF) and sucrose-SPIONs (SF) were investigated in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 5 MHz at selected temperatures. The FF showed a high dielectric constant of 62 at 1 MHz and the dielectric properties of SPIONs were found to have been significantly improved, especially in the low frequency regime according to the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The AC conductivity measurements revealed that the electrical conduction depends on both frequency and temperature. Impedance analysis was carried out using Cole-Cole plot and the conduction mechanism of the studied compounds was explained. R and C values were further calculated using RC-circuit.
Films of polyaniline(EB) doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) from m-cresol on glass substrates exhibit considerable metallic properties. Such polymer metallic films have thermal sensitivity superior to ceramic metal (Cermet) films, prepared by metallo organic deposition (MOD) technique on silicon substrates. These PANI(EB)-CSA X (X = 0⋅ ⋅5, 0⋅ ⋅4, 0⋅ ⋅3 mol) polymer films were developed through controlled temperature atmosphere 60 ± ± 2°C for 60 min, and with the help of temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ ρ) values, high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) i.e. α α values, and figure of merit (ρ ρα α) values of these films, thermal sensitivity were compared from that we observed. Among the three doping ratios the PANI(EB)-CSA 0⋅ ⋅3 mol film (4⋅ ⋅4 µ µm thick) on glass substrate resistivity (ρ ρ) values in the range of 838-1699 Ω Ω⋅ ⋅µ µm with high TCR i.e. α α = 10,291 ppm/°C and figure of merit (ρ ρα α) value in range of 8⋅ ⋅62-17⋅ ⋅48 Ω Ωm/°C seems to be the best. This paper deals with these superior thermal-sensing properties together with optical studies and surface topography by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These polymer films offer design advantages in developing 'thin film polymer thermal sensor'.
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