The understanding of spatial and geometrical patterns in urbanization is crucial in tackling its associated problems. As urbanization progresses through various stages of development, it reflects different forms, patterns, and interactions based on physical and functional aspects. Spatial metrics, a well-regarded technique for quantifying urban characteristics, is one of several methods developed to achieve this. The current study was conducted in Tiruchirappalli and six other urban centres located within a 40-kilometre radius; which helps to comprehend the comparative growth and spatial patterns in relation to Tiruchirappalli urban centre. The urban centres were divided into eight zones based on direction for more precise quantification. The study employed Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images to classify land use/cover for the periods 1996, 2008, and 2020, which were then used to assess urban spatial growth and quantify spatial and geometrical patterns. Fragstat, a comprehensive application with several metrics, was used to analyse spatial metrics, including patch, class, and landscape levels, which focus on spatial configurations such as area and edge, aggregation, diversity, and shape. The study generated significant data about spatial and geometric properties, patterns, and obstructions of growth. The area and edge metrics and aggregation metrics indicated that Manachanallur, Manapparai, Musiri, Thiruverumbur, and Thuraiyur had the most unpredictable, random growth with highly protrusive urban growth in few zones across the study period. Diversity metrics demonstrated that Tiruchirappalli had the most abundant urban patches, with few patches from other classes. Shape metrics revealed significant improvements from 2008–2020 across all urban centres, whereas from 1996–2008, urban patches were more irregular in shape. The current study is a significant contribution to the urban research in understanding the relative spatial and geometric patterns of urbanization. The knowledge generated could aid in sustainable urban development planning and focus.
The urban fringe is the most volatile area in an urban environ affected by the unrestricted developmental activities. Urban sprawl is associated with many urban centres across the world; many times, the impacts are found to be negative on the non-living and living organisms. Quantification of urban has been a valuable field of study to understand its various factors like dispersion, density, diversity, dimension, and many others. Urbanization is, arguably, found to be one of the ancient processes by mankind. The cultural and functional aspects determined the settlement pattern of the cities. To be resilient and sustainable, many of these cities need to be physically restructured, which is quite an impossible task, especially in developing countries like India; Although, instead of restructuring established urban centres, plans can be developed to focus on the growth of the surrounding tier urban centres. The objectives of the present study are, 1) assess the changes in the urban growth and built-up density; 2) assess the urban diversity of the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation and the tier urban centres on a temporal scale for the years 1996, 2008 and 2020. The study has been carried out with the use of Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images. Hierarchical unsupervised image classifier technique is used to classify the image and the study area has been split into eight zones in which, Batty’s spatial entropy method was used to assess the diversity index. The study results are comparable to understand the relative spatial growth and patterns among the select urban centres across the zones. Like many Class–II cities, Tiruchirappalli Municipality Corporation has mostly recorded inward developments during the periods from 1996 to 2008; while from 2008 to 2020 they have recorded outward fringe developments leading to expansion of the city.
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