Catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) is a potent co-carcinogen with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and with (+/-)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8- dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP-7,8-diol) in mouse skin. The effects of catechol on the metabolic activation of (+)- and (-)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diols and on epidermal DNA adduct formation of racemic and enantiomeric [3H]BaP-7,8-diols were examined by applying the tritiated diols to mouse skin. The major metabolite of the (+)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol was the hydrolysis product of (-)-[3H]-7 alpha, 8 beta-dihydroxy-9 beta, 10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE). This suggests that a peroxyl radical-mediated pathway is predominantly responsible for the epoxidation of this diol. Formation of (-)-anti[3H]BPDE from (+)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol was greater than that of (+)-anti-BPDE from (-)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol. Co-application of catechol with [3H]BaP-7,8-diols inhibited epoxidation of the (+) enantiomer to a greater extent than that of the (-) enantiomer. Catechol decreased the total DNA-binding and the formation of the major adduct with (+)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol metabolites but catechol had no significant effect on the binding and formation of (+)-anti-[3H]BPDE-deoxyguanosine, the major DNA adduct derived from (-)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol. Co-administration of catechol with (+/-)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol increased the ratio of (-)- to (+)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol derived major DNA adducts in mouse skin suggesting that catechol selectively inhibits certain pathways of metabolic activation of (+/-)-[3H]BaP-7,8-diol. Thus, catechol modifies the tumorigenic activity of (+/-)-BaP-7,8-diol either by alteration of the relative proportion of various hydrocarbon:DNA adducts or by a totally different as yet unexplored mechanisms.

Background:Generally, the electrolyte abnormalities are seen in many hospitalized patients, and this problem increases in ones with heart diseases. The purpose of this study is determination of the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities during the coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and detecting the relationship between these abnormalities with the complications after the surgeries.Materials and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study, which is done in Chamran hospital, the medical and educational center of Isfahan, Iran, in 2011. The target population included the patients who have undergone CABG in this hospital. In this study, 100 patients who had been candidates for CABG were selected, and we extracted their recorded intra-operative electrolyte information. The collected data was entered into the computer and analyzed by SPSS software. The Chi-square and t student tests were used for data analysis.Results:The mean ± SD of sodium during CABG was 137.95 ± 4.6 (range 127-152) mg\dl. Also, the mean ± SD of potassium was 4.65 ± 0.9 (range: 2.9-7.4). According to these results, 48 patients (48% of all) had electrolyte imbalance and 52 patients (52% of all) were normal. Sodium level in 71% of patients was normal, and in 29% of them was abnormal. Potassium level in 73% of individuals was normal, and in 27% of them was abnormal.Conclusion:Giving an attention to electrolyte abnormalities in patients who have undergone CABG surgery is a considerable necessity for them, and sufficient arrangements are needed to prevent such abnormalities.

Background:Heparin is one of the most important medication that is used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations, but some patients demonstrate heparin resistance (HR) during CABG. Heparin resistance was defined as at least one activated clothing time <400 seconds after heparinization and/or the need for purified antithrombin III (AT-III) administration. The goal of this study was the investigation of HR prevalence in our country and relation between HR and post-operative CABG complications.Materials and Methods:One hundred patients that candidate for CABG were selected and surveyed for HR and complications. The data entered to computer and analyzed by SPSS soft ware. The Chi-square and student t-tests were used for data analysis.Results:The prevalence of heparin resistance in our study was 3%. There was no relation among bleeding, cardiac arrest and HR. Bleeding happened in 13 patients of which 1 person was in HR group (33.3%) and 12 in non HR group (12.4%) (P = 0.34). Cardiac arrest happened in 8 patients, 1 person was in HR group (33.3%) and 7 in non HR group (7.2%) (P = 0.22). According our data there were no relation among HR and gender and ventilator dependency time.Conclusions:HR is a nearly prevalent complication among patients that undergone CABG that may led to some complications such as bleeding and cardiac arrest. In our study, we did not find significant relation among them, but in frequency these complications were higher in HR group.

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