Serratia marcescens, strain SR 1 was isolated from the local soil of a cultivated farm and it was screened as potent strain for chitinase production. Maximum chitinase production (77.3 u Mh -1 100 -1 ) was observed after 96 h of incubation period with pH 5.5 at 30°C under shake conditions (120 rpm). Compare to still flasks, shake culture with prawn fish colloidal chitin of 0.5% (w/v) concentration, showed a better enzyme yield. Crude enzyme showed antifungal activity against plant pathogens.
We investigated the effect of nitrogen fixing Azotobacter bioinoculant on the mycelial growth and the rate of substrate utilization by Pleurotus eous. The synergistic or antagonistic role of the microorganism during dual culturing with the mushroom or the competitor molds Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma reesi was studied. Azotobacter was inhibitory to the molds, which are competitive to the mushroom in the seed spawn substrate, but was synergistic towards the mushroom. The growth, substrate utilization potential as total nitrogen content and cellulase enzyme activities of the mushroom in the seed spawn substrate were also enhanced in the presence of the bioinoculant at lower inoculum concentrations, upto 5 ml broth culture per spawn bottle.
Plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms against microbial pathogens and various types of environmental stress. Qualitative screening of phytochemical analysis from bark exudates of tree species (Cassia siamea, Araucaria, Artocarpus heterophyllus) were analysed. Tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides are present in aqueous and acetone extracts. But proteins and starch are present in acetone extracts of three bark samples. The maximum flavonoid content was observed in bark sample of Artocarpus heterophyllus, followed by Cassia siamea which was par with Araucaria. The highest amount of alkaloid and phenols were seen in Cassia followed by Artocarpus and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in aqueous and acetone extract of Cassia siamea by E. coli (20 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (18 mm). This was followed by acetone extract of Araucaria (15 mm) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (12 mm) by Proteus vulgaris. Whereas minimum zone of incubation were noted in aqueous extract of bark samples of Araucaria, Cassia (5.0 mm) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (4.0 mm) by E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial antibiotic streptomycin which was used as positive controls were more effective compared to all the plant extracts tested against the bacterial pathogens. The aqueous extract of Cassia and Araucaria and acetone extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus showed the highest scavenging activity (Dark coloration) upon addition of FeCl3 which could be due to the high phenol content.
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