Nowadays, a lot of research involves in the area of e-learning with service-oriented architecture. In e-learning systems, the challenges are increase of the complexity and more interoperability between systems in distributed environment. The lacking is reference architecture in which by reusing web services, reusing learning objects and semantics, ontology, etc. A service-oriented reference architecture describes the essence of a software architecture and the most significant and relevant aspects. Hence, it is proposed to design reference architecture to personalized e-learning systems using Web services and serviceoriented architecture. The objective of this paper to design service-oriented reference architecture for personalized elearning systems (SORAPES) and validate the architecture. Some of the existing e-learning architectures that serve as the domain model for personalized e-learning system were considered, discussed in details and finally proposed a new architecture which is called SORAPES. The SORAPES was designed by re-using web services and learning objects. It is a layered architecture and highly-scalable for personalized elearning system. This architecture was evaluated with a list of quality attributes.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the fast growing industries that facilitate many latest services to the users and therefore, the number of users is increasing rapidly. The usage of ICT and its life cycle produce hazardous substances that need to be addressed in efficient and green ways. The adoption of green computing involves many improvements and provide energy-efficiency services for data centers, power management and cloud computing. Cloud computing is a highly scalable and cost-effective infrastructure for running Web applications. However, the growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue. Hence, energy-efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud environment. E-learning methodology is an example of Green computing. Thus, it is proposed a Green Cloud Computing Architecture for e-Learning Applications that can lower expenses and reduce energy consumption.
E-Iearning refers to learning that is delivered or enabled via electronic technology. Learning is a cognitive activity that differs from student to student. Personalization is the process of tailoring pages to individual user's characteristics or preferences.Elearning system provides a set of personalization functionalities such as personalizing learning plans, learning materials, test and necessary instant messages etc., to online learners. The problem in the existing system is the lack of personalization due to weaksemantic learning resources. The possibilities of personalized searching for information will be improved, with the advance of the semantic web and available web services. This paper present an approach to e-Iearning personalization based on ontology and information exchange is maintained by web services based on Service-oriented architecture. Therefore the learning process is enhanced by providing personalized learning content to the learners in an effective and dynamic intelligent way.
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