The aim of the work is to check the possibility of detecting degradation of the surface of a geostationary satellite according to B, V, R photometry during a long stay of the satellite in space. The change in reflective characteristics in three filters of four geostationary satellites with different platforms over a time interval of 3-9 years is studied. These are geostationary satellites with Eurostar E3000, SSL-1300, Spacebus-4000B2 and Express-2000 buses. It is revealed that the nature of the change in the reflectivity of different geostationary satellites is not the same. Spacecraft materials used for the surfaces of geostationary satellites built in the second decade of the 21st century are more resistant to the rigors of space than those used for satellites built in the late 20th century. The presented results show that the photometric method works and can be used to detect surface degradation of spacecraft.
We propose a new method of using photometric data for determining the degradation of the optical parameters of the GSS surface since the GSS’s active operation in orbit. Experimental data on changes in the coefficients of spectral reflection (degradation) of the surface of several geostationary satellites with different types of space platforms over several years are presented. Data were obtained from ground-based photometric observations in filters B, V, and R. Among studied satellites, there are „Astra 2E” (bus Eurostar-3000), „Azerspace 2/Intelsat 38” (bus SSL-1300), „Sicral 2” (bus Spacebus-4000B2), „Сosmos 2520/ Blagovest 11L” (bus Ekspress-2000). It was revealed that the nature of the change in the surface reflectivity for the different satellites differs. Space materials on the surface of geostationary satellites manufactured in the second decade of the 21st century demonstrate that their surface is more resistant to the aggressive space environment than that of the satellites manufactured in the late 20th century. Methods for determining the type of space material and its color in different spectral bands using multicolor photometric observations are proposed. As a continuation or addition to the laboratory method, the authors propose to use the results of ground-based multicolor photometric observations to determine the degree of degradation of the spacecraft’s surface.
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