Background: The self-cinching stitch has been verified to have high mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of combining transosseous rotator cuff repair (RCR) and the self-cinching stitch in the lateral row is unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of transosseous RCR combined with the cinch stitch in the lateral row. We hypothesized that this construct would have better mechanical strength than would transosseous repair using a vertical cinch stitch or simple stitch. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rotator cuff tears were simulated in 48 porcine shoulder specimens. The tears were repaired using 1 of 6 repair configurations: 2–simple stitch transosseous repair alone (group 2TO), with a vertical cinch stitch (group 2TO-VC), or with a horizontal cinch stitch (group 2TO-HC) or 4–simple stitch transosseous repair alone (group 4TO), with a vertical cinch stitch (group 4TO-VC), or with a horizontal cinch stitch (group 4TO-HC). All specimens were set at a 45° angle from the footprint and underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 160 N for 200 cycles, followed by a load-to-failure test at 10 mm/min. Results: During cyclic loading, all specimens in group 2TO and half of the specimens in group 2TO-VC failed by suture pullout. In the other groups, none of the specimens failed before 200 cycles. The yield load in group 2TO-HC was significantly greater than that in group 2TO-VC (261.43 vs 219.54 N, respectively; P < .05). There were significant differences between groups 4TO-HC and 4TO with regard to elongation (3.92 vs 5.68 mm, respectively), yield load (304.04 vs 246.94 N, respectively), and linear stiffness (63.44 vs 52.28 N/mm, respectively) ( P < .01 for all). Group 4TO-HC also had shorter elongation and a superior yield load and linear stiffness compared with group 2TO-HC ( P < .05 for all), and group 4TO-VC had shorter elongation and a stronger maximum load to failure and yield load than did group 2TO-VC ( P < .05 for all). Conclusion: Increasing the number of medial simple stitches can prevent suture pullout. Adding the horizontal cinch stitch to the lateral row in transosseous repair can further improve biomechanical properties through a self-cinching mechanism. Clinical Relevance: Transosseous RCR with a horizontal cinch stitch in the lateral row may reduce the retear rate.
Background/Aim: Bone and nerve reconstruction is crucial for treating various diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region. However, the relationship between bone and nervous system has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the interaction between osteoblasts and neuronal cells in contact co-culture. Material and Methods: Osteoblasts and sympathetic neuronal cells were grown in contact co-culture. Microscopic observation, a mineralization assay, immunofluorescence staining, and DNA microarray analysis were performed. Results: Microscopic observation revealed morphological changes in the osteoblasts that were cocultured with sympathetic neuronal cells. Contact co-culture enhanced osteoblast calcification and upregulated a neuronal marker. Not only osteoblast differentiation signals, but also neuronal signals were increased in murine osteoblasts that were co-cultured with rat sympathetic neuronal cells. We also found that not only rat neuron differentiation signals, but also osteoblast differentiation signals were increased in rat sympathetic neuronal cells that were co-cultured with murine osteoblasts. Conclusion: In the contact co-culture with osteoblasts and sympathetic neuronal cells, the sympathetic neuronal cells promoted osteoblast differentiation, and the osteoblasts promoted neuron differentiation. Materials and MethodsCell cultures. The mouse pre-osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 was maintained in α-modified minimum essential medium (αMEM; Wako, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin 1608
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