Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. It represents more than 90% of total prevalence of diabetes in the world and is responsible for 9% of the global mortality corresponding to four million deaths per year. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 in a rural population of age 30 years and above.Methods: A community based cross sectional study carried out in population 30 years and above in rural area of Khammam district in Telangana during the study period from 1st January to 31st December 2015. A total of 910 persons aged 30 years or more were included in study.Results: Near about 74 (8.1%) were diagnosed as type -2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of DM was 16.22% in 30-40 years age group, 24.32% in 41-50 years age group, 43.34% in 51-60 years age group and 16.2% in 61-70 years age group which shows that DM increases with age and the association between age and prevalence of type 2 DM was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: There is a need to increase awareness of type–2 diabetes mellitus in the general population. Health education should be given in terms of risk factors of diabetes. They should be made aware about early screening methods.

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Background: People in India exhibit a strong gender preference for male child and this discrimination or prejudice continues in spite of socio- economic development and higher growth rates. The preference for sons has been associated with preferential abortion of female fetuses and even to female infanticide. Objective of the study was to assess gender preferences among married women in urban slums. Methods: It was a community based cross sectional done at Urban Health Training Centre, Shahpur Nagar which is field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. The study participants were all women who were above 18 years of age. During the study period we enrolled a total of 157 women. Results: The maximum subjects were in the age group of 18-30 (54.1%). 82.2% of the study participants knew that sex determination is a crime. The majority of study participants stated dowry problems as the reason for their non preference of female children (77.3%) while 4.5% did not prefer female children due to the fact that they do not stay with their parents after marriage, 9.1% said rearing problem. Conclusions: So intense health education should be given to the community telling them that it’s not only sons who take care of parents in old age but daughters can also play the same role. We need to educate them sons’ and daughters should be equally treated in the family.