To study the response of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) sources both alone and in conjunction and their influence on soil quality, a field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons using sunflower (MSFH-8) as test crop. The experimental site soil was Typic Haplustalf situated at Hayatnagar Research Farm of Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India, at 178 18 0 N latitude, 788 36 0 E longitude. The experiment design was a simple randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated four times. Among all the treatments, vermicompost (VC) þ Fert at 25 þ 25 kg N ha 21 recorded the highest grain yields of 1878 and 2160 kg ha 21 during both kharif and rabi seasons, respectively, which were 43.9 and 85.1% higher than their respective control plots. Apparent N recovery varied from as little as 38.30% (FYM at 50 kg N ha 21 ) to 62.16 (25 kg N ha 21 ) during kharif and 49.65 (75 kg ha 21 ) to 83.28% (VC þ Fert at 25 þ 25 kg N ha 21 ) during rabi season. Conjunctive nutrient treatments proved quite superior to other set of treatments in improving the uptake of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and micronutrients in sunflower and their buildup in the soil. Highest relative soil quality indexes (RSQI) were observed under VC þ Fert at 25 þ 25 kg N ha 21 (1.00) followed by VC þ Gly at 25 þ 25 kg N ha 21 (0.87). Considering the yield and relative soil quality indices (RSQI), conjunctive applications of VC with either inorganic fertilizer, FYM, or Gly at 25 þ 25 kg N ha 21 could be a successful and sustainable soil nutrient management practice in semi-arid tropical Alfisols. Besides this, the fertilizer N demand could be reduced up to 50%.
Introduction: Milk is classified as a complete food that contains essential vitamins and minerals as well as complete proteins, fats, and carbohydrates that are crucial for supporting life and promoting good health. Therefore, the main objectives of the study are to determine consumer preferences for milk and milk products, develop milk and curd from alternate sources, and assess their efficacy. Materials and Methods: We investigated milk-oriented topics and the responders stated that indigenous milk had a high protein content, calcium content, and other advantages. Even though milk is known for its nutritional value, advantages, and cost-effectiveness, some individuals avoid it due to lactose intolerance, and hence it is important to develop lactose-free milk. We used indigenous cow milk, cross-breed milk, buffalo milk, soy milk, and coconut milk. All milk and curds underwent sensory analysis. Results and Discussion: Indigenous cow milk scored high (24.84), followed by coconut milk (24.32), according to the data. Buffalo curd (23.44) scored higher than standard curd (23.32). Protein and calcium contents of standard and best-acceptable milk and curd were determined. There is a strong desire to develop lactose-free milk and milk products. 100 mL of coconut milk has 1.1 g of protein in it. The curd obtained from cross-breed and buffaloes contains nearly the same amount of nutrients, and the chosen products were also economical. Conclusion: It was suggested that more plant-based milk alternatives should be developed for lactose-intolerant people.
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