Wide varieties of naturally self-assembled two-dimensional inorganic-organic (IO) hybrid semiconductors, (4-ClC6H4NH3)2PbI4, (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4, (CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4 (where n = 12, 16, 18), (CnH2n-1NH3)2PbI4 (where n = 3, 4, 5), (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4, NH3(CH2)12NH3PbI4, and (C4H3SC2H4NH3)2PbI4, were fabricated by intercalating structurally diverse organic guest moieties into lead iodide perovskite structure. The crystal packing of all these fabricated IO-hybrids comprises of well-ordered organic and inorganic layers, stacked-up alternately along c-axis. Almost all these hybrids are thermally stable upto 200 °C and show strong room-temperature exciton absorption and photoluminescence features. These strongly confined optical excitons are highly influenced by structural deformation of PbI matrix due to the conformation of organic moiety. A systematic correlation of optical exciton behavior of IO-hybrids with the organic/inorganic layer thicknesses, intercalating organic moieties, and various structural disorders were discussed. This systematic study clearly suggests that the PbI layer crumpling is directly responsible for the tunability of optical exciton energy.
Synthesis,
crystal structure, and optical properties of two-dimensional
(2D) layered structurally slightly different inorganic–organic
(IO) hybrid semiconductors (R–C6H4C2H4NH3)2PbI4 (R
= CH3, Cl) are presented. They are naturally self-assembled
systems where two (RNH3)+ moieties are sandwiched
between two infinitely extended 2D layers of the [PbI6]4– octahedral network and treated as natural IO multiple
quantum wells. While the former compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic
system in the Cmc21 space group, the latter
crystallizes into a monoclinic system in the space group P21/c. As a thin film, they are well-oriented
along the (l00) direction. Both single crystals and
thin films show strong room-temperature Mott type exciton features
that are highly sensitive to the self-assembly and crystal packing.
Linear (one-photon) and nonlinear (two-photon) optical probing of
single crystals for exciton photoluminescence imaging and spectral
spatial mapping provide deep insight into the layered re-arrangement
and structural crumpling due to organic conformation. The strongly
confined excitons, within the lowest band gap of inorganic, show distinctly
different one- and two-photon excited photoluminescence peaks: free
excitons from perfectly aligned 2D self-assembly and energy down-shifted
excitons originated from the locally crumpled layered arrangement.
Their structural aspects are successfully presented with proper correlation
that emphasize various differences in physical and optical properties
associated between these novel IO hybrids.
AJC-15039 (S)-Mitiglinide Calcium dihydrate (1), an important potent hypoglycemic agent. During laboratory optimization and later in bulk synthesis the formation of various impurities was observed. The method of preparation of most of these impurities is not available in literature. We describe herein the formation, synthesis, preparation and characterization of these impurities.
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