SUMMARY :Groundwater exploration for irrigation is a costly and scare input in agriculture and plays an important role in increasing food production. Due to over use of groundwater resources, it has become very important to estimate the Crop Water Requirement for different crops. Unscientific and injudicious application of groundwater in the Anantapur region resulted in depletion of the groundwater table. Anantapur region was chosen as the study area as its sever water problem. To achieve effective utilization of the groundwater resources, there is a need to estimate the crop water requirement for different crops at different management levels to accomplish effective irrigation management in the Ananthapur region. It is important that the water requirements of the crops are known. This study was carried out using CROPWAT 8.0 model. The information about climatic conditions, soil types and cropping pattern were obtained in the study area to estimate the crop water requirement under rainfed condition. The crop water requirement for the different crops of Anantapur region is very essential for effective utilization of the groundwater and also to be increase the crop yield. The maximum quantity of effective rainfall observed during the month of September as 79.5 per cent of the monthly rainfall i.e. 101.7 mm and average annual effective rainfall was estimated over the period 1985 to 2012 as 85.5 % of the average annual rainfall i.e. 526 mm out of 615.4 mm of average annual rainfall. The crop water requirement for the groundnut Kharif and Rabi crops in the Anantapur region was estimated as 591.3 mm and 443.3mm, respectively and for the vegetables, cotton, rice, grains and maize in the Anantapur region are to be 594.1 mm, 878.6 mm, 1110.6 mm, 699.9 mm and 679.3 mm, respectively. Efficient water management becomes crucial and critical in normal or deficit rainfall years.HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Babu, R. Ganesh, Veeranna, J., Kumar, K.N. Raja and Rao, I. Bhaskara (2014). Estimation of water requirement for different crops using CROPWAT model in Anantapur region. Asian J. Environ. Sci., 9(2): 75-79.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety of TAG-24 was selected for the experiment with four treatments namely drip-T1, drip with mulch-T2, mulch-T3 and control-T4. The research objective is to study crop-water requirement, uniformity coefficient, yield attributes such as yield, plant height, root length, number of pods m-2, seed and shell weight m-2. Crop water requirement (CWR) for groundnut crop was calculated as 449.1 mm by CROPWAT 8.0 Software. Experiments were conducted by supplying different amount of water among various treatments such as 100% of CWR in T4, 90% of CWR in T1 & T3 and 80% CWR in T2 respectively. Uniformity coefficient was found as 0.86 for drip irrigation. Highest and lowest yield was reported in T2 as 4.45 t ha-1 and 2.89 t ha-1 in T4. Among all the treatments plant height and root length was reported highest as 52 cm and 48 cm in T2, similarly number of podsm-2, seed and shell weight m-2 were reported highest as 583, 0.47 kg and 0.24 kg in T2 respectively. The yield attributes were observed highest in T2 because of efficient water application at root zone by drip, controlled weed growth and conserved soil moisture by mulch which creates favorable conditions for plant growth.
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