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Kosali, the first breed of cattle from Chhattisgarh, was registered as 36th breed. Characterization is essential to guide decision-making in livestock development and breeding programmes. Hence, a survey was carried out to characterize the Kosali breed of cattle in Central Plain Region of Chhattisgarh state. The coat colour of most animals was red followed by white and black. Mostly muzzles, tail switch, eyelashes, and hooves were black in colour. Body size, hump, dewlap, naval flap, penis sheath flap, udder and teats were small in size. Horns were stumpy, small and slightly inward and ears were horizontal. The estimated average live weight of adult female and male were 168.7±2.82 and 212.5±3.8 kg, respectively. The mean linear measurements of female vs male Kosali cattle were height at wither (99.79±2.76 vs 103.4±2.11 cm), body length (96.56±1.87 vs 99.89±2.32 cm) and chest girth (119.98±1.98 vs 137.12±2.8 cm). Kosali cattle are smaller in size and are well adapted to the existing agroclimatic conditions of the region. Appropriate breeding strategies and conservation models should be designed for overall improvement of this breed.

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Present study was conducted on 50 bulls and 40 male calves of Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Karan Fries cattle maintained at ABRC and LRC, NDRI Karnal (Haryana) to characterize and identify genetic polymorphisms in TNP1 gene. A total of 1568 bp region of TNP-1 gene includes 490 bp of promoter region and two exon and one intron was sequenced and characterized in Bos indicus cattle breeds which are widely distributed in Indian sub-continent. Four sets of primers for TNP1 gene on the basis of Bos Taurus sequence (Acc. No- BK_006511) were designed using Primer3 software and PCR products of 487, 450, 455 and 250 bp were obtained. Amplicons were custom sequenced and subjected to Clustal W analysis which showed no nucleotide changes in coding region and non coding region in Indian cattle breeds as compared to Bos taurus. The 490 bp of promoter region was subjected to transcription factor binding site. Three TATA boxes and two CAAT boxes were identified in the studied fragment. Analysis of SNP was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), to detect nucleotide changes in the sequence as reported (g.528G>A, SS1388116558) in Chinese Holstein breed. No polymorphisms were found for tested SNP. Only one genotype GG indicates the absence of variability in the sampled population.