Changes in the cattle’ microbiocenosis of the rumen directly impacted the animals’ productivity. And the main role here is played by the feeding type, the animal’s diet, with a predominance of certain components in different periods of cows housing, which create the necessary conditions for the existence and activity of symbiotic microflora, as well as the development of associated pathologies. Earlier detection of these errors will help to avoid many abnormalities of metabolic processes in the body and prevent the decline in the animals’ productive qualities. That is why it is relevant to study the effect of ultrafine particles on the composition of cattle’ microbiota of rumen. In this article, we analyzed the cattle’ bacterial microbiocenosis in response to the introduction of ultrafine particles (FeCo and silicon oxide SiO2 alloy) into their diet. It is revealed that these ultrafine particles do not have a significant qualitative change in cattle’ microflora of the rumen, but shift the bacterial communities balance towards those microorganisms that improve the food digestibility, which allows them to be recommended as food additives to improve the farm animals productivity.
The fight against antibiotic resistance and a decrease in the greenhouse effect leads to the search for safe alternative substances for animals, special attention is paid to phytochemicals in medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of Oríganum vulgáre (OV) and Hypéricum perforátum (HP; 0.5 ml/kg body weight) on ruminal microflora and fermentation characteristics against the background of control (C). The extracts were added to water of bulls with rumen fistula (14-month, diet - 70% hay, 30% barley grain). The fermentation parameters (CH4, digestibility of dry matter of the grain) were analyzed daily, and the microflora was analyzed using highly efficient sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (Illumina). OV and HP were prepared by grinding, extraction in a water bath (30 min, 70 ° C) and filtration. According to the results, the addition of OV and HP reduces the formation of CH4 and the digestibility of CB did not differ compared to C (48.7 and 47.8%, against 50.6%). The phylum of archaea Euryarchaeota was small and dominant in OV and HP. The phylum of Bacteroidetes dominated and was higher than that of C, that of OV was 35.6% (P ≤ 0.05) and HP was 30.7% (P ≤ 0.05). The Bacteroidia class (30.0–31.5%) changed similarly due to the families Porphyromonadaceae (P ≤ 0.05), Prevotellaceae (P ≤ 0.05). OV showed a tendency towards a decrease in Firmicutes phylum, and increase in bacteria of the Clostridia class by 11.1% (P ≤ 0.05). Clostridia class prevailed in HP by 14.5% (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison with C, due to Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales families. This study highlights the potential use of OV and HP in cattle diets aimed at decreasing methane production and increasing gram-negative bacteria. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048) and project 0761-2019-0005.
Влияние экстракта коры дуба (Quercus cortex) и комплекса веществ ингибиторов Quorum sensing на метаболические процессы, протекаемые в желудочно-кишечном тракте крупного рогатого скота К.С. Кондрашова, Д.Б. Косян, К.Н. Атландерова Федеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наук (г. Оренбург) Аннотация. Одной из тенденций в практике кормления животных сельского хозяйства является использование антибиотиков в качестве кормовых добавок. Но они способны оказывать негативное влияние как на микрофлору животных, так и на состояние окружающей среды. Поэтому возрастает интерес к поиску альтернативных кормовых добавок. В связи с этим в статье представлены результаты исследования, проведённого с целью определения воздействия экстракта Quercus cortex (I опытная группа) и комплекса веществ ингибиторов Quorum sensing (II опытная группа) на переваримость кормового субстрата и обмен веществ у крупного рогатого скота как альтернативных антибиотикам кормовых добавок. В ходе эксперимента было выявлено, что использованные вещества положительно влияют на скорость обмена азота, отмечено нарастание содержания аммиака в рубце животных I и II опытных групп до 2,88 % и 8,80 % (Р≤0,001) через 3 часа; 6,08 % и 11,08 % (Р≤0,001)-через 6 часов соответственно. Также способствуют лучшей перевариваемости веществ, в результате масса переваренного сухого вещества опытных групп имела превосходство относительно контрольной на 3,02 % и 9,54 %, протеина-на 7,28 % и 8,23 %, клетчатки-на 7,73 % и 11,0 % в I и II группах соответственно. Помимо этого, в ходе наших исследований был установлен положительный баланс азота, кальция во всех сравниваемых группах. На метаболизм фосфора более выраженное влияние оказал препарат ингибиторов Quorum sensing, чем экстракт Quercus cortex. При этом отложение фосфора в I группе по сравнению с контролем было выше на 16,99 %, а во II-на 19,69 %. Положительный эффект исследуемых веществ показывает их перспективы в практике животноводства. Ключевые слова: крупный рогатый скот, кормление, переваримость, Quorum sensing, экстракт Quercus cortex, кормовые добавки. UDC 636.085:636.085.25 Effect of oak bark extract (Quercus cortex) and a complex of substances inhibitors Quorum sensing on metabolic processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle
Optimization of mineral nutrition is a necessary measure aimed to maintain high productivity and health of animals, including beef cattle, which forages may lack minerals. The paper studies the action of nanosized forms SiO2, FeCo on health, ruminal digestion and elemental composition of ruminal fluid of animals. It is found that within the vitro studies the feed dry matter digestibility is maximum with the introduction of nanosized particles (NP) of SiO2 in the concentration of 2 mg/ml. The results of morph-biochemical blood test (in vivo studies) show the activation of protein metabolism, lack of negative impact on animal health. The introduction of SiO2 NP (II group) promotes the accumulation of silicon in ruminal fluid progressing in time: the difference with control group makes 3.8% and 31% in three and six hours respectively. The introduction of FeCo NP (III group) decreases the concentration of iron by 46% and 52% and cobalt by 40% and 50% in three and six hours respectively. SiO2 NP stimulates dry matter digestibility thus affecting the fermentation activity of rumen microflora. The received results indicate the advisability of applying the suggested approach and require further study.
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