Cesarean sections have increased worldwide and there is an increasing awareness of the adverse long-term sequelae associated with the procedure. The World Health Organization estimates that there are approximately 18.5 million women who undergo this procedure annually, with rates in the Western world increasing from 14.5% to 27.2% between the years 2000 and 2017. 1 A cesarean scar niche, first described in 1961 when a wedgeshaped defect was noted in the uterine wall of a patient who had previously had a cesarean section during hysterosalpingography, 2 is defined as the presence of a hypoechoic area and discontinuation

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Accurate 3D models of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) are achievable and may provide additional information such as distance of the defect from the internal os.

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