Various plausible power architectures used in COS and EEEs are discussed in this paper. Each architecture, including currently used architectures. has its advantages and disadvantages. S i n a architectures are application-spedc, it is emphvized that none or the architectures discussed is considered to be optimum. However, distributed architectures have several advantages over the bulk arclutectures used today. IMPACT ON POWERexpected to decrease. However, many more services are expected to be inccrporated in future networks. The net result of this will be an overall increase in the amount of power required to support the network. As the network architecture is expected to be distributed, the network will have remote modules possibly containing multiple microprocessors and memory in scattered through out the network. In addition. these modules may be placed in locations such as the tops of poles and mountains, underground. the curbside, etc.For such applications high power densities coupled with high efficiencies and high reliability under all environment and load conditions will be essential. POWER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURESThe power needs of future networks will create demands that cannot be met with current power architectures; therefore, the present power architecture should be re-examined. The major factors influencing the choice of power architectures are as follows:Voltage and energy requirements of the load. Higher levels of integration and the implementation of sub-micron technology integrated circuits within the telecommunication load demand a low-voltage, high-quality power system to be reliably supplied to the load.b. The downtime requirements of the load and the attendant downtime requirements of the power c. The overall life of the power system d. The overall efficiency of the power system and the elimination of multiple conversions (ac-to-dc at some voltage level and then again to dc at anothcr level).gracefully.a.supply.e. The flexibility of the power system to grow ne power for the network wa vary according to the type of service and architecture adooted to imolement it. It must be noted that with f. The utility ratio (the ampacity of the power Plant that is in actual U% over the installed ampacity) of the power plant.
A key concern in fiber-in-the-loop systems is powering end-loop optical network units (ONUs) with the same reliability that is provided to POTS customers today. This paper examines the technical and economical feasibility of using Stand Alone Solarphotovoltaic (SAS) systems for powering these units, In these systems, arrays of photovoltaic cells located at or near !he ONU are connected to a battery and the ONU electronics. During normal sunlight conditions, electricity from the panels powers the electronics and charges the batteries. During periods of poor or no sunlight, the energy stored in the batteries powers the load. The use of solar powering for general telecommunications applications and the factors which make the technology attractive for this specific application are discussed. Then, a demonstration SAS system that was installed in December 1991 to study some of the technological issues in solar powering ONUs is described and its economics are examined. One conclusion of this study is that while SAS is not a ubiquitous solution for powering ONUs, it may be cost-effective today in areas of the country with high insolation and loops (distance between the ONU and the location that provides power and reserve) longer than 5, OOO feet.Furthermore, anticipated improvements in solar panel efficiency and cost will extend the applicability of SAS into areas with moderate and low levels of insolation.
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