The aim of the experiment was to detect polymorphism in the GPX5 gene and to determine associations between individual genotypes and selenium concentration in liver and kidney of wild boars from West Pomerania province in Poland. The polymorphism in GPX5 gene was detected using the PCR-RFLP method with specific primers and the restriction enzyme HinfI. Two different alleles of the GPX5 gene were identified -allele 1B (0.37) and 2B (0.63). The relationships between the GPX5 genotypes and concentrations of selenium in liver and kidney were analyzed, revealing statistically significant (P≤0.05) differences between wild boars carrying different GPX5 genotypes in both genders. Obtained results indicated that wild boars with the 2B2B genotype had the highest selenium concentration in livers and kidneys compared to 1B1B and 1B2B animals and these differences were statistically significant (P≤0.05).

Kempter J., Kielpiński M., Panicz R., Mikolajczyk K., Keszka S. 2015. Genetic traceability of selected populations of the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Carangidae), based on the analysis of microsatellite DNA-CELFISH Project-Part 3. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (3): 299-305.Background. Monitoring the genetic diversity of fi sh populations can provide information necessary to determine fi shing quotas for the commercially caught species. One of the species subjected to intensive exploitation is the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833), commonly occurring in the coastal waters of Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This paper is the third part of a larger project: "Development of a genetic-based system for identifi cation of food products from fi sheries and aquaculture introduced to the European Union customs area". Materials and methods. Fin fragments of the yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis, were obtained in 2012 and 2013 from local markets in Vietnam (SVN), Cambodia (SKH), Malaysia (MMY), and Indonesia (MID). The analyses focused on the amplifi cation and sequencing of a fragment of the nuclear rhodopsin gene which utilized as identifi cation label. Subsequently, in the obtained SVN, SKH, MMY, and MID samples, 11 microsatellite regions (SRR) were analysed. Sequence analyses were performed using the BioEdit and BLAST software, while the analysis of the obtained SRR data was conducted using the GenAlEx software.Results. The analysis of the obtained loci variants divided the investigated populations into two genetically homogeneous groups: the Vietnamese-Indonesian group and the Malaysian-Cambodian group. The analysis of genetic diversity revealed statistically signifi cant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the investigated populations and indicated the Vietnamese population as the most stable, while the Malaysian population as the least stable. Conclusions.The study provides information on the genetic diversity of the investigated populations and allows assignment of the captured fi sh to the geographical regions specifi ed. Moreover, indicate that among analysed populations the safest populations were those caught in the local fi sheries (continental shelf) of Vietnam and Cambodia due to their high mean genetic diversity.

Abstract.Mastitis is one of the most important dairy cattle diseases which results in economic losses in dairy production. Mastitis cases can be classified as subclinical or clinical. All forms of mastitis lead to changes in milk composition and induce an increase in somatic cell count (SCC). SCC is a very important and basic indicator of udder health. An increase in SCC is usually caused by the immune response to the invasion of pathogens contributing to mastitis. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the polymorphisms of selected genes (TLR4 and CARD15/NOD2) whose products are involved in the identification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during the innate immune response to infection, and immunity to mastitis expressed as SCC. The genes under study were also examined for epistatic effects as well as effects of interactions with parity and stages of lactation. In all the studied classes, allele G of TLR4 had a favourable additive effect with negative values, contributing to a lower lnSCC. Allele A of CARD15/NOD2 had a desirable additive effect which varied with time and the changing internal environment during lactation. With regard to the dominance effect, allele A of CARD15/NOD2 was found to be significantly associated with a higher SCC in milk in the first lactation and in the third stage of each single lactation. Moreover, statistically significant epistatic effects were found, in particular additive-additive and dominance-additive interactions were favourably associated with SCC which was lower than expected in the case of no epistasis.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Opera singers are classified under level I, as the elite vocal performers, being the quintessential representatives of this group. As the professional voice users, they meticulously observe any changes relevant to their health, therefore self-reported side effects should be taken under serious consideration. The aim of this study was to initiate the process of gathering general information about the most common side effects of medications taken by the opera singers.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study group consisted of 264 professional opera singers, treated in Clarós Clinic in a 35 years period, who were asked to complete a questionnaire. The response rate was 62.1% (n=164) with a male-to-female ratio being 1.27:1 (72 men and 92 women). 46 cases of adverse effects of medicines were updated and analysed. All the responses were collected between February and April 2018.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of our study group was 38.3 for females and 49.95 for males, with the range between 18-83 years. The vocal categories were as follows: 39 tenors, 17 baritones, 14 basses, 64 sopranos, 23 mezzo-sopranos and 5 contraltos. Patients with chronic diseases and comorbidities represented the 39.1% of the study group. The most common adverse effect reported was dryness (15.2%). The most frequent voice side effects raised by singers were clearing the throat frequently (14.63%), hoarseness and coarse or scratchy sound (10.37%), and vocal fatigue (7.32%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We believe that exploring the subject of vocal side effects of medications in professional opera singers is extremely important.</p>