No abstract

Recently, the interest in mushroom consumption has been growing, since their taste and low calorific value are appreciated, but also due to their nutritional value. In determining the usefulness of mushrooms in the human diet, it is important to consider the conditions of their occurrence to perform the assessment of bioaccumulation of minerals. The aim of the study was: (a) to determine the content of selected macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum and the soils, (b) to determine their bioaccumulation potential taking into account the habitat conditions, and (c) an attempt to estimate their role in covering the requirement for macronutrients of the human organism. The research material was obtained in the NW of Poland: Uznam and Wolin, the Drawa Plain and the Ińsko Lakeland. In the soil, we determined the content of organic matter, pH, salinity and the content of absorbable and general forms of macronutrients. The content of macronutrients in mushrooms was also determined. Chemical analyses were performed using the generally accepted test methods. The study showed that in NW Poland, B. edulis grew on the acidic soils of Arenosols, and I. badia and L. scabrum grew on Podzols. The uptake of K, Mg and Ca by the tested mushrooms was positively, and P and Na negatively correlated with the content of these elements in the soil. The acidity of the soil affected the uptake of K and Mg by mushrooms. There was no effect of the amount of organic matter in the soil noticed on the content of macronutrients (except sodium) in mushrooms. Among the studied macronutrients, none of the mushrooms accumulated Ca, while P and K were generally accumulated in the highest amounts, regardless of the species. Each of the other elements was usually accumulated at a similar level in the fruiting bodies of the species we studied. The exception was I. badia, which accumulated higher amounts of Mg compared to B. edulis and L. scabrum. Mushrooms can enrich the diet with some macronutrients, especially in P and K.

No abstract

Eigth apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars: ‘Delikates’, ‘Cortland’, ‘James Grieve’, ‘Lired’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Idared’ were characterized by two different molecular tools. These included analysis of the distribution of RAPD markers and length variability of the SSU, 5.8S, LSU and ITS region of the nuclear rRNA genes assessed in PCR reactions with different combinations of ‘universal’ primers. RAPD analysis was performed with 17 out of 24 RAPD primers tested. Those amplified a total of 183 loci (872 amplicons) out of which 34 (18.5%) were monomorphic, 128 (69.5%) were polymorphic and 22 (12%) cultivar-specific. Cultivar-specific RAPD products were detected for each apple cultivar. Amplification of the rDNA sequences showed variability. Fifty-four amplicons were generated in the experiment including 14 monomorphic, 26 polymorphic, and 14 cultivar-specific products. Altogether 232 amplicons were generated, whose length ranged from 220 to 940 bp. The analysis of dendrograms constructed on the basis of the analysis of RAPD genetic profiles and profiles amplified on rDNA matrices showed their significant correlation (Mantel test: r(AB) = 0.430; p-value (Two-tailed) = 0.024), which proves that the used methods correctly presented variability within the examined cultivars, and the molecular markers identified in the study can be considered appropriate.

No abstract

A b s t r a c t. The study was aimed at the evaluation of the impact of drought stress on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of rye inbred line GULbw, evaluated based on measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange parameters, water balance, assimilation pigments and morphological characters, and by the analysis of the relationship between these parameters. The experiment was performed on the rye inbred line GULbw (original name: Gülzow 661-67, accession numbers: GueR 412; R 1599), obtained from the gene bank of The Federal ex situ Gene Bank for Agricultural and Horticultural Crop Species of The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben. Because of drought, the PSII (photosystem PS II) performance index was reduced, and the decrease tendency of the PI (overall performance index of PSII) value intensified with the length of the stress period. The tested rye line did not exhibit any considerable variability of the maximum quantum efficiency of the PS II (Fv/Fm). Significant differences in the intensity of transpiration, stomatal conductance, and substomatal concentration of CO 2 was determined on day 18 of drought. A significant positive value of the correlation coefficient r was found between PLSN, LSW, LSGN, LSGW, and E, gs, ci. LIST OF SYMBOLS USED C -control, well-watered variant of the experiment; c i -intercellular CO 2 concentration; D -drought, water deficit variant of the experiment; E -transpiration rate; Fm -maximal fluorescence; Fv -maximal variable fluorescence; Fv/Fm -maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry; gs -stomatal conductance; LSDW -lateral stalk spikes dry weight; LSGN -productive lateral spikes grain number; LSGW -productive lateral spikes grain weight; LSN -lateral stalk number; LSTGW -productive lateral spikes thousand grain weight; LSW -productive lateral spikes weight; MSGN -main stem grain number; MSGW -main stem grain weight; MSSL -main stem spike length; MSSW -main stem spike weight; MSTGW-main stem thousand grain weight; MSW -main stem dry weight; PC1 -principal component 1, PC2 -principal component 2; PH -plant height; PI -overall performance index of PSII; PL -peduncle length; PLSN -productive lateral spike number; Pn-net photosynthetic rate; PW -plant dry weight; RWC -relative water content; SN -stalk number; T FM -time required to reach maximal fluorescence; WSD -water saturation deficit; WUE -photosynthetic index of water use efficiency; WUEI -instantaneous photosynthetic index of water use efficiency.

No abstract

The effect of lead ions of the concentrations within the range of 15-1000 mg•dm -3 on the physiological reaction of common osier var. Jorr was examined. The content of assimilation pigments, the rate the CO 2 assimilation, transpiration, the indices of relative water content and the deficit of water saturation and the content of lead in the nutrient solution. The studied physiological parameters in common osier var. Jorr were differentiated by the rate of lead ions in the nutrient solution. The Jorr variety of common osier was characterised by good values of the determined physiological parameters under stressful conditions at a large accumulation of lead. This suggests that it shows quite a high tolerance to the stress caused by contamination of the subsoil with lead.