Introduction: We present one of the largest case series of Macrodystrophia lipomatosa, a rare congenital disorder of localized gigantism characterized by overgrowth of all the mesenchymal elements, predominantly involving the fibroadipose tissue. Aims: To detail the radiological features, pattern of distribution, associated conditions and to suggest an appropriate terminology to describe the condition. Methods and Material: It is a retrospective study. Data from PACS server dating from 2000 and 2018 was used. The cases with isolated enlarged limb or digit/digits with or without nerve involvement were included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequency and percentage were used for analysis of categorical variables. Results: A total of 31 cases was included for the final analysis, out of which 19 were males and 12 were females. Unilateral limb involvement was seen in 30 cases. The most common pattern identified was the ’nerve territory oriented’ type in 28 cases confined to the hand or foot, ’diffuse or pure lipomatous’ type in one case and mixed type was seen in two cases. The most common nerve territory involved was along the median nerve in the upper limb and along the medial plantar nerve in the lower limb. Neural involvement was seen in 16 cases of the upper limb and 10 cases of the lower limb. Syndactyly was seen in two cases, polydactyly in one case and symphalangism in one case. Conclusions: A diagnosis of macrodystrophia lipomatosa can be confidently made in cases with congenital isolated limb or digit/digits enlargement with or without fibrolipohamartoma of nerve. Radiographs and ultrasound are sufficient along with clinical examination to make accurate diagnosis. MRI is useful for assessing the extent and for planning surgery.

Context: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) combines alveolar corticotomy, bone graft materials, and the application of orthodontic forces for rapid correction of malocclusions. Aims: The present study aims to primarily assess differences in orthodontic treatment duration, bone quality around corticotomy sites, postoperative healing, and subjective pain when corticotomy was done conventionally and with the placement of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Settings and Design: Thirty individuals participated in this study. Individuals were randomly assigned into each of the following experimental groups; C + BMP: Corticotomy with 0.5 μg/mL rhBMP-2 and C: Corticotomy only. Materials and Methods: Clinical parameters included recording the duration of the treatment period, visual analog scale scores and early wound healing index scores. The evaluation of bone density was performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months by using RVG. Statistical Analysis Used: Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to compare data between test and control groups at different time points. Results: rhBMP-2 application was effective in reducing the overall treatment time and resulted in an increase in bone density around corticotomy sites at the end of the treatment period when compared to conventional corticotomy procedure. Placement of rhBMP-2 neither delayed wound healing nor affected participant pain scores. Conclusions: From this trial conducted over a period of 6 months, rhBMP-2 has the potential to function as a regenerative material in PAOO.

Successful root canal therapy depends on many factors. One of the most important steps in any root canal treatment is biomechanical preparation. Additionally, respecting the original shape of the canal is of the same importance. Otherwise, canal aberrations such as transportation will be created. Purpose: To evaluate the canal transportation and canal centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN), TruNatomy (TN), and Neohybrid (NH) file systems using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and methods: Thirty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated and divided into three experimental groups, with ten in each group. Group I -ProTaper Next (PTN), Group II -TruNatomy (TN), and Group III -Neohybrid (NH) file systems. Cone-beam computed tomographic pre-scan were taken, followed by biomechanical preparation with the respective file systems. Post CBCT scans were taken and compared with pre-scans for canal transportation and canal centering ability at the levels of 3, 6, and 9mm. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: Using One way ANOVA and Post hoc analysis, canal transportation at the level of 6mm from the apex, group II and group III have shown statistical significance compared to group I, and no statistically significant differences were seen at the levels of 3mm and 9mm. There is no statistically significant difference in canal centering ability among the three groups at the levels of 3,6, and 9mm from the apex. Conclusion: Under the in vitro conditions of the study, ProTaper Next (PTN), Trunatomy (TN), and Neohybrid (NH) rotary systems have shown similar behavior concerning canal transportation and canal centering ability.

A study of fractures of patella, olecranon and medial malleous requiring surgical treatment at the Orthopedics Department of Rangaraya medical college Kakinada from January 2014 to July 2014. Twenty five cases were operated by modified tension band wiring technique and results were analyzed. All the cases were followed up for a mean period of 16 months post operatively.