To study the effect of leaf clipping on maize (Zea mays L.) performance, nine different treatments were tested on an open‐pollinated genotype of maize. In the spring grown maize, grain yield/plant was increased up to 38% for plants with their upper half leaves cut. Root weight/plant and modified flowering were also increased. Cutting the whole plant decreased grain yield and caused death of about 50% of plants. Meanwhile, leaf clipping decreased several agronomic traits in the fall grown maize. The results of modified flowering lead to the speculation that genes could change their location on the chromosome and/or material dose when plants be under stressed conditions. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an entblätterten Mais‐pflanzen Um den Einfluß einer Blattentfernung an Mais (Zea mays L.) bezüglich der Leistung zu unter‐suchen, wurden neun unterschiedliche Be‐handlungen an offen abblühenden Genotypen von Mais vorgenommen. Im Frühjahr ange‐bauter Mais zeigte eine Erhöhung des Kornertrages um 38% bei Pflanzen, an denen die obere Hälfte der Blätter entfernt worden war. Das Wurzelgewicht der Pflanze wurde erhöht und die Blüte modifiziert. Die Entfernung aller Blätter veränderte merit nur den Kornertrag, sondern verursachte auch das Absterben von 50% der Pflanzen. Die Blattentfernung min‐derte zahlreiche pflanzenbauliche Eigenschaf‐ten bei im Herbst angebauten Maispflanzen. Die Modifikation der Blüte läßt vermuten, daß unter Streßbedingungen Gene ihre Lokation an den Chromosomen oder ihre quantitative Wirkung verändern.
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the performance of two varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with three plant densities (40, 50 and 60 thousands of plants.ha-1.) and estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environment variation, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, stability and genetic resultant, for two seasons. The experiments were conducted during spring and fall seasons of 2013, using factorial experiment within RCBD with four replicates. The results showed the superiority of Shimoos variety, it gives seed yield 3.345 t.ha-1 compared with Aqmar variety which gave 2.375 t.ha-1 in spring season, at fall season Shimoos variety gave 6.265 t.ha-1, while Aqmar variety gave 5.379 t.ha-1. The yield increased with plant density increasing, it ranged from 2.425 to 3.222t.ha-1 in spring season and from 4.396 to 5.822t.ha-1 in fall season. The values of phenotypic stability were different according to differences between varieties and seasons. The high value was 93.75% for disc area followed by 90.13% for seed yield t.ha-1 for Aqmar in spring season and the higher value for Shimoos variety was 94.15 for disc area followed by 90.66% and 90.55% for 100 seed weight and number of seeds in disc respectively. . All values of genetic variation are higher than environment variation, and were closed to phenotypic variations for spring and fall seasons, except for seed number in disc in fall season which was less than environment variation. Hence the heritability for these traits were high and ranges from 63% for seed number in disc to 95% for shoot dry weight in spring season and from 33% for seed number in disc to 99.6% for disc area in fall season. So the genetic coefficient of variation for all traits is closed to phenotypic coefficient variation. The traits: plant growth rate and shoot dry weight for Aqmar, and leaf area index, plant growth rate and seeds yield for Shimoos showed non phenotypic stability in spring season. In fall season, seed yield t.ha-1 for Aqmar was the only trait non-phenotypic stable. The genetic results are ranged from 65.32% for shoot dry weight to 98.86% for seed number in disc for Aqmar and from 81.34% for seed number in disc to 114.79% for 100 seed weight for Shimoos in spring. In fall season, it ranges from 69.18 for leaf area index to 96.02% for seed number in disc for Aqmar and from 89.25% for seed number in disc to 107.32% for disc area for ShimoosIt is possible to conclude that Shimoos variety was superior in most of the traits. So we recommend planting Shimoos variety in the fall season, because it is more stable than Aqmar variety, while Aqmar variety can be cultivated in the spring season.
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