Aim:The present investigation was conducted to study the prevalence of microfilaremia in dogs in Gujarat.Materials and Methods:A total of 418 adult dogs aged between 2 and 14 years with signs of weakness and non-specified complaints, presented at TVCC, Deesa (North Gujarat), Nandini Veterinary Hospital, Surat (South Gujarat), and Private Clinics, Ahmedabad (Central Gujarat), were included in the present investigation for studying the prevalence of microfilaremia from July 2016 to May 2017.Results:A total of 418 dogs were screened, of which 33 were found positive for circulating microfilariae with the prevalence rate of 7.89% in the population. Among microfilaremic dogs, the finding of microfilariae of Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) reconditum was more common (23 cases; 69.69%) than Dirofilaria immitis (10 cases; 30.30%) making their prevalence in the population of 418 dogs as 5.50% and 2.39%, respectively. Breed-wise distribution of microfilaremic dogs revealed that 12 (36.36%), 8 (24.24%), 5 (15.15%), 4 (12.12%), 2 (6.06%), 1 (3.03%), and 1 (3.03%) cases were observed in Pomeranian, non-descript, German Shepherd, Labrador, Great Dane, Lhasa Apso, and Pug dogs, respectively. Of 10 cases of D. immitis, 5, 2, 2, and 1 were observed in Pomeranian, Labrador, non-descript, and Great Dane dogs, respectively. Cases of Dipetalonema reconditum were highest in Pomeranian (7), followed by non-descript (6), German Shepherd (5), Labrador (2), Great Dane (1), Lhasa Apso (1), and Pug (1). Age-wise distribution recorded significantly (p≤0.01) higher number of cases in adult dogs (4-14 years) for D. immitis (30.30%) and D. reconditum (39.39%). Sex-wise distribution of microfilaremic dogs showed that male (22/33, 66.66%) was more predisposed to microfilaremia rather than females (11/33, 33.34%). It is apparent from the study that the number of dogs with microfilaremia due to D. reconditum was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than that of D. immitis.Conclusion:The present study revealed that microfilaremia due to D. immitis and D. reconditum is prevalent in the state of Gujarat. The infection with D. immitis was associated with severe lung and cardiac pathological manifestations.

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in sick, extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the treatment modality but is seldom attempted in this patient population. We present a 40-day-old ELBW neonate previously operated for necrotizing enterocolitis with ileostomy who developed AKI. Peritoneal dialysis was started by a modifying intercostal drain. Results Doing a simple procedure and using a few modifications helped the baby to come out of acute kidney injury. Conclusion Peritoneal dialysis can be technically quite challenging in ELBW neonates but is possible with certain innovative modifications. Key message Challenging technical problems in potentially fatal conditions sometimes respond to simple innovation. Initiation of early peritoneal dialysis in a sick ELBW with ileostomy and AKI helped saved her life. How to cite this article Kaul A, Jadhav K, Shah S. Peritoneal Dialysis in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonate with Ileostomy. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(5):232–233.

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