a Cancer is a worldwide public health problem, and its incidence in the world grew by 20% in the last decade. Zinc, an essential trace element, is involved in many cellular processes. Concerning prostate cancer, Zn could inhibit the growth of tumor cells, by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. X-ray microfluorescence (μXRF) is an elemental analysis technique that allows mapping biologically important elements at a submillimeter scale, with high sensitivity and negligible damage to the sample. In this study, we investigated cell viability through colorimetric cytotoxicity assay (MTT) and the behavior of human prostate cell lines obtained from normal (RWPE-1) and tumorigenic (DU145) epithelium, in three-dimensional spheroid cultures after supplementation with ZnCl 2 for 24 and 48 hr using synchrotron μXRF. The measurements were performed at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). The results of μXRF showed that Zn intensity decreased in the DU145 tumor cells independent of supplementation or treatment time, and in normal cells, the intensity increased with supplementation and treatment time. The MTT assay results showed no significant differences, which indicates that the cell viability did not change. Our results indicate that μXRF can be used as an important tool to understand the mechanism of the loss of ability to capture zinc by prostate cancer cells.
Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease and ranks second among malignant neoplasms that affect men around the world, behind lung cancer alone. Trace elements are very important and are involved in many cellular processes. The X‐ray microfluorescence technique is an advanced tool of high spatial resolution, sensitivity, multielemental analysis, and nondestructiveness for trace element study. This study aimed to investigate the elemental distribution in spheroids obtained through the following human prostate cell lines using synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence: tumor cell line androgen independent (DU145), tumor cell line androgen dependent (LNCaP), and normal cell line (RWPE‐1). The measurements were performed with a standard geometry of 45° of incidence, excited by a white beam using a pixel of 25 μm and an acquisition time of 300 ms/pixel at the X‐ray fluorescence beamline at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). The synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence results showed differences between groups in all elements analyzed and suggested that further studies should be performed to understand the relationship of these trace elements with the progression and development of the disease.
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