The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the need to increase the amount of high-quality seed material of small-seeded crops, which cannot be achieved without an important process of separation. The separation is based on technical and technological principles of separation of seed material, depending on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of individual components of seed material. Cylindrical triers are used to separate seeds according to their length. The purpose of the study was to find the theoretical regularities of changes in the technological parameters of separation of the seed material of small-seeded crops from the structural and mode parameters of a cylindrical seed trier by numerical modelling. The solution of the set problems was implemented in the STAR-CCM+ programme based on the finite element method. Considering the physical and mechanical properties of the seed material, as a result of the study, a visualisation of the separation process was obtained depending on the research factors: the rotation frequency of the trier cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder, and the number of seeds and impurities in the seed mixture. According to the simulation results, the dependence of the relative content of impurities ε on factors under study was obtained in the form of second-order regression equations. Using the Mathematica programme, a compromise problem was solved, which lies in minimising the multiplicative function of the research criteria, and the rational constructive and technological parameters of the trier separator were found. The material of this paper is intended for scientists, graduate students, designers of agricultural machinery, students, and specialists in agricultural production.
Nowadays, an important aspect for achieving a high level of seed production is the expansion of the range of high-quality seed material, which disrupts the technological process of separation and increases its costs. The purpose of the study is to analyse indented separator cylinders for cleaning small-seed crops and develop an appropriate mechatronic system for their control, the use of which would allow performing the technological process of separation with lower specific operating costs and higher productivity. The presented analysis of the technical support of the process of separation of seed material of small-seeded crops indicates the need to improve indented separator cylinders based on automated control of their parameters using photo or video recording of the seed separation with subsequent processing. It has been established that the determination of formal performance indicators of an indented separator cylinder is not trivial. Based on the results of the analysis, a design and technological scheme of the mechatronic system of an indented separator cylinder has been developed. The difference between the proposed system and the conventional one is that the camera captures the trajectory of seeds. This information is processed in the control unit, which in turn changes the speed of rotation of the gear motor and, as a result, the drum with cells, the angle of inclination of the tray, the angle of rotation of the flap with the stepper motor of the hopper dispenser. These manipulations with the operating parameters of the indented separator allow adjusting it to changes in the seed mixture composition, thereby improving the quality and productivity of separation. In addition, due to the automatic adjustment of the operating parameters of the indented separator, the participation of the operator in the separation process is practically not required, which reduces labour costs
The purpose of the research is to analyze the terrier separators of seed seeds of small-seeded crops and to develop an appropriate mechatronic control system, the use of which will perform the separation process with lower specific operating costs and higher productivity. The presented analysis of the technical support of the process of separation of seed material of small-seeded crops allows to assert the need to improve trier separators based on automated control of their parameters using photo or video recording of the process of separation of seed material with further processing. It is established that the definition of formal performance indicators of a cylindrical honeycomb trier is not trivial. The article develops a structural and technological scheme of a mechatronic system of a trier separator. The difference between the proposed system and the traditional one is that the camera fixes the trajectory of the seed flight. This information is processed in the control unit, which in turn changes the speed of the gear motor and, as a consequence, the drum with cells, the tilt angle of the tray, the angle of rotation of the damper with the stepping motor of the metering hopper. These manipulations with the operating parameters of the indented separator make it possible to adjust it to changes in the composition of the seed mixture, thereby increasing the quality of separation. In addition, due to the automatic adjustment of the operating parameters of the indented separator, the participation of the plant operator in the separation process is practically leveled, which reduces labor costs.
The STAR-CCM+ software package was used to create a model of the process of separating seed material from small-seeded crops on a cylindrical cellular trier. By taking into account the physic-mechanical properties of mustard seeds and the given initial and boundary conditions of the trier, a visualization of the separation process was obtained, which depended on several factors, including the number of seeds and impurities in the seed mixture, the rotation frequency of the trier cylinder, and the diameter of the trier cylinder. The numerical simulation of the process at a variable rotation frequency resulted in obtaining a relationship between the number of seeds and impurities, the relative content of impurity elements in the seed mixture in the tray, and the conditional performance of the separator, depending on the duration of cylinder rotation counterclockwise and clockwise. Based on the obtained dependencies of the numerical modeling and the results of the improvement of the TracTrac software package, a laboratory sample of an adaptive cylindrical cell trier was developed. This trier allows real-time, based on the received video image, to determine the trajectory of the seed flight and to control the position of the tray and the rotation frequency of the cylinder using Arduino UNO.
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