Niger is a landlocked African country and the only source of surface water is the Niger River which flows in the western part of Niger and only few villages near to the river gets benefited from it, leaving most of the areas dependent on groundwater solely. The groundwater resources in Niger are mainly used for drinking, livestock and domestic needs. It can be observed that the water exploitation is minimal there due to several factors like undeveloped areas, less population, limited wells, rain-fed irrigation, etc. The delineation of potential aquifer zones is an important aspect for groundwater prospecting. Hence, the direct current (DC) resistivity soundings method also known as vertical electrical sounding (VES) is one of the most applied geophysical techniques for groundwater prospecting that was used in the capital city, Niamey of Niger. Twelve VES surveys, each of AB spacing 400 m were carried out in lateritic and granitic rock formations with a view to study the layer response and to delineate the potential zones. Potential aquifer zones were at shallow depth ranging from 10 to 25 m for the drilled borehole depth of 80-85 m in every village. Analysis of the result showed a good correlation between the acquired data and the lithologs.
In recent years, the increasing threat to groundwater quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. A vast majority of groundwater quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by over-exploitation, or by combination of both. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in India has resulted in steep increase of generation of wastes. Due to lack of adequate infrastructure and resources the waste is not properly collected, treated and disposed; leading to accumulation and infiltration causing groundwater contamination. The chemical quality of ground water collected from 20 stations of and around Shivamogga during April 2019 indicates that most of the parameters are in acceptable limit and some of them are in permissible limit and very few of them are beyond limits as evaluated against drinking water quality requirements [BIS 10500, (1991) & WHO (1996 Standards]. The Report presents the environmental profiles of Shivamogga city and Problem areas are identified and their groundwater quality status. Alkalinity and Hardness are the main water quality issues in the Shivamogga city. Considering the competing demand on this scarce resource, the report highlights the judicious use of groundwater and also remedial measures needed to overcome the problems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.