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SUMMARYA novel approach to simulate crack growth within an extended finite element framework is presented. The introduced approach combines the material force concept and the extended finite element method (xFEM) that is not straight forward and faces the major problem that a crack tip node, which is required for the evaluation of the material force, is not available within an xFEM framework.The introduced concept enables an efficient single step evaluation of the crack state and the crack growth direction based on a continuum mechanics approach and represents an alternative to the common procedure of using the stress intensity factor solution within a stress or energy-based empirical formulation for the determination of the crack growth direction. Two different approaches are introduced that evaluate the crack tip material force within the xFEM based on a domain or contour approach, both providing equivalent results. After an evaluation of the method, a major focus is set on crack growth investigations with increased complexity, including mixed mode loading and crack interaction with other discontinuities. The influence of different evaluation parameters is studied by comparing the results with empirical, experimental and alternative numerical solutions and confirms the applicability and capability of the proposed combination of both concepts.

In this paper, a surrogate model approach for non-linear aerodynamics is presented in order to reduce the computational effort of coupled aeroelastic analyses. The usability of the approach is demonstrated in static as well as transient aeroelastic analyses of the HIRENASD wingfuselage configuration. Furthermore, it is shown that the surrogate model approach is able to cover variations of flow conditions at a fixed Mach and Reynolds number.

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Abstract. This paper aims at extending a markov chain based reduced order model to discrete gust load prediction in an aeroelastic simulation. An method for the incorporation of the disturbance velocity approach is presented and evaluated for the AGARD445 wing based on different training strategies. The reduced order model trained under elastic and gust load conditions can successfully predict the gust response in a rigid and in an elastic setup. Thus the presented ROM approach can serve as one single CFD surrogate model to predict aerodynamic forces under multiple loading conditions.

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