Analysis for general closed form solution of the thermoelastic waves in anisotropic heat conducting materials is obtained by using the solution technique for the biquadratic equation in the framework of the generalized theory of thermoelasticity. Obtained results are general in nature and can be applied to the materials of higher symmetry classes such as transvesely isotropic, cubic, and isotropic materials. Uncoupled and coupled thermoelasticity are the particular cases of the obtained results. Numerical computations are carried out on a fiber reinforced heat conducting composite plate modeled as a transversely isotropic media. The two dimensional slowness curves corresponding to different thermal relaxations are presented graphically and characteristics displayed are analyzed with thermal relaxations. Keywords Slowness Surfaces; thermoelasticity; anisotropic; coupled and thermal relaxation times.Thermoelastic slowness surfaces in anisotropic media with thermal relaxation
INTRODUCTIONMost materials experience volumetric variations when are subjected to temperature variations and the consequent thermal stresses developed due to temperature gradient in the surface vicinity results in micro-crack and others imperfection development at the surface of anisotropic materials. Thus owing to anisotropic material's applications in aeronautics, astronautics, plasma physics, nuclear reactors and high-energy particle and in various others engineering sciences, theory of thermoelasticity has aroused intense attention in our challenge to understand the nature of the interaction between temperature and strain fields. Main characteristics of the waves when they propagate within an anisotropic media are: phase and group velocities depend on direction -anisotropy, there is a difference between the phase velocity (propagation of the wave) and the group velocity (propagation of energy), occur shear wave splitting. Since the last century generation of waves in thermoelasticity is already known by chopping the sunlight coming onto a heat conduct-
The seismic design codes/standards of most countries include the nonlinear response of a structure implicitly through a response reduction/modification factor (R). It is the factor by which the actual base shear should be reduced to find the design base shear during design basic earthquake considering nonlinear behavior and deformation limits of structures. In the present study, attempts are made to determine the 'R' factors of four existing RC staging elevated water tanks, which are designed as per draft Indian standards for seismic design of liquid and RC designs and having a ductile detailing considering the effects of soil flexibility. The elevated RC water tanks are analyzed using displacement controlled non-linear static pushover analysis to evaluate the base shear capacity and ductility of tank considering soil flexibility. The 'R' factor is obtained for four realistic designs of elevated RC water tanks having different capacities at two performance levels. The evaluated values of 'R' factor are compared with the values suggested in the design code. The results of the study show that the flexibility of supporting soil has considerable effect on response reduction factor, period and overall performance of water tank, indicating that idealization of fixity at base may be seriously mistaken for soft soils. All the studied water tanks were designed with higher safety margin than that of specified in Indian Standards.
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