The allele distributions at the 12 short tandem repeat (STR) loci D3S1358, HUMvWA, HUMFIBRA/FGA, HUMTHO1, HUMTPOX, HUMCSF1P0, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D8S1179, D21S11 and D18S51 have been determined for 284 unrelated Chinese in Hong Kong. The combined probability of identity for the 12 STR loci was about 4.1 x 10(-14) and the overall probability of excluding paternity 0.999978. None of the 12 loci were found to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations according to the results of the exact test. There was also little evidence for association of alleles between loci. The results demonstrate that the loci are useful for forensic human identification and parentage testing for the Chinese population in Hong Kong.
Glucose phosphate isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9) and phosphoglucomutase (E.C. 2.7.5.1) were found to be polymorphic in a laboratory colony of Aedes albopictus. The glucose phosphate isomerase locus is represented by two alleles resulting in three genotypes, while the phosphoglucomutase locus is represented by at least five alleles giving rise to a total of 15 genotypes. The inheritance of these two enzymes is of the Mendelian type with codominant alleles. Present data indicate that these genes are not linked.Of 105 mosquitoes analysed for these two gene-enzyme systems, the frequencies for glucose phosphate isomerase alleles are Gpi (S)=0.68 and Gpi (F)=0.32, while the frequencies for phosphoglucomutase alleles are Pgm (A)=0.16, Pgm (B)=0.11, Pgm (C)=0.19, Pgm (D)=0.30 and Pgm (F)= 0.24. The frequencies of the three glucose phosphate isomerase genotypes are in accord with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (X 1 (2) =2.74). Similarly, the frequencies of the 15 phosphoglucomutase genotypes probably do not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (X 10 (2) = 18.45).
A biochemical genetic study of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was conducted in the grasshopper Oxya j. japonica. Analysis of MDH electrophoretic variation in this species of grasshopper shows that one of the two autosomal loci for MDH in grasshoppers, the Mdh-2 locus, controlling the anodal set of MDH isozymes, is duplicated. Results of breeding studies confirm this and the observed polymorphism at the Mdh-2 locus in the two populations of Oxya j. japonica studied can be attributed to three forms of linked alleles at the duplicated locus in equilibrium in both populations. In this respect, all individuals of this species possess heterozygous allelic combinations at the duplicated Mdh-2 locus, which may account for the spread of the duplicated locus in the populations of this species of grasshopper.
The genetics of glucosephosphate isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9) in two strains (Malaysian and Taiwan) of Aedes togoi is reported. Three electrophoretic phenotypes were presented in both sexes. The zymogram patterns were identical in both strains of A. togoi. The phenotypes were governed by a pair of codominant alleles. The allele frequency of the slow-moving band was 0.63 in the Malaysian strain adn was 0,86 and 0.82 in F161 and F169 generations, respectively, of the Taiwan strain. The sample studied was in good accord with Hardy-Weinberg expectation.
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