The results of research on the influence of the 1.2/50 µs (8/20 µs) surge impulse on the reliability of commercial LED lamps are presented in the paper. For two types of lamps, differing in the declared warranty period, tests were carried out in which it was determined how the impulse of 1.2/50 µs (8/20 µs) is propagated in their supply systems. During the tests, the effects it causes on the critical levels and how its level influences the probability of failure of the tested lamp were examined. These solutions are currently being used in mass production of LED lamps and are characteristic of budget devices. Sensitivity tests were conducted for a group of 150 lamps divided evenly into 10 batches. The tests were carried out in accordance with the standards of EN 61000-4-5: 2014 and EN 61547: 2009 with one exception: the impulse level was not limited to the 0.5 kV recommended in EN 61547: 2009 for this class of components, but increased to a value that leads to permanent damage. These tests allowed us to determine the margin from the value specified in the standard to the sensitivity of the tested lamps on this type of disturbance.
The comparison of the results obtained using two methods for measuring the radio disturbance emissions produced by compact lighting drivers in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz has been presented in this paper. Any electrical and electronic equipment used within the EU must comply with Directive 2014/30/EC and harmonised standards. For lighting equipment, the dedicated standard is EN-IEC 55015:2019-11E. In this standard, for tests in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz, two equivalent test methods are allowed for lighting drivers, i.e., the traditional method in which disturbance emissions are measured in a semianechoic chamber SAC and the alternative CDNE (Coupling Decoupling Network Emission) method. Each method is characterised by a different measurement technique. For this reason, this paper aims to compare the results obtained by the two methods and to find out whether the CDNE and SAC methods, despite the difference in measurement technique, can be considered equivalent. The theoretical part of this study presents the results of an analysis of the literature on the subject and the technical aspects of measuring disturbance emission using both measurement methods. The practical part describes the construction of measurement stands for selected LED lamps and presents the measurement results and their statistical analysis.
The results of work in the field of analysis of the distribution of electromagnetic fields generated by the antenna of an RFID reader operating in the UHF frequency band have been presented in this paper. The carried-out tests concern the efficiency of obtaining energy from the field of an electromagnetic RFID reader. To analyze the distribution of the electric field strength, the calculation procedures were elaborated on the basis of the developed mathematical dependencies in the MathCad program. The developed numerical procedures enable the synthesis of the electric field strength and power density distribution for a given antenna radiation pattern, for any suspension heights of the transmit and receive antennas and any mutual distance between them. In order to verify the correctness of calculations the test stands and measurements were made for a model antenna. The measurements were carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber.
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