Hospital wastewater has the potential to be a threat to the hospital environment as it can contain pathogenic bacteria that may facilitate the resistant nature of organisms within effluent or water treatment plants. The recycling of hospital wastewater should have good quality. This study was carried out to highlight the incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital-generated recycled water. This study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital during June 2013-June 2014. One hundred and forty wastewater samples were aseptically collected at different stages in the recycling plant. The samples were processed within 2 hours following standard procedures for identification of bacteria and the pathogenic bacteria were isolated. The mostly identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (11.42%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.28%), Enterococcus faecalis (10%) and Bacillus subtilis (8.57%) which were removed by treatment, but Escherichia coli (16.42%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.57%), and Proteus mirabilis (11.42%) survived in the final sedimentation tank (lagoon) from where this water will be used for gardening purposes. An antibiogram study showed these pathogens were resistant to first-line antibiotics. Effluent treatment plants in hospitals should be monitored for the fulfillment of the guidelines and quality control of treated water to stop the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the hospital environment.
Summary
Wireless body area network (WBAN) plays an important role in patient health care. The performance of this WBAN system is affected by link failures due to the presence of malicious sensor nodes. Hence, the detection and mitigation of this link failure is important for improving the efficiency of the WBAN system. This paper proposes a methodology for link failure detection using weight metric approach. The performance of the proposed methodology is analyzed in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), link failure detection latency, and link failure detection rate.
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