Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v4.5) Cropping System Model (CSM) was used to study the impact of climate change and variability on productivity of different kharif (rice, maize, jowar and bajra) and rabi crops (wheat and barley) at Varanasi. Keeping in view the observed trends in climate variability, productivity of different kharif and rabi crops were simulated under plausible synthetic climatic scenarios of changes in temperature, solar radiation and carbon dioxide. Productivity of kharif crops viz. rice, maize, jowar and bajra and rabi crops viz. wheat, and barley decreased with an increase in temperature or a decrease in solar radiation above normal. However, productivity of different kharif and rabi crops increased under expected enhanced CO2 concentrations. Highest productivity decreased in barley crop (40.7%) of rabi season and minimum in rice crop (5%) of kharif season with an increase of 3.0 0C in temperature from normal. Whereas, maximum productivity decreased in barley crop (5.0%) of rabi season and minimum in jowar crop (1.8%) of kharif season with a decrease of 2.5 per cent in solar radiation from normal. Highest productivity increase in barley crop (58.2%) of rabi season and lowest in jowar crop (4.2%) of kharif season were simulated under expected enhanced CO2 concentration of 660 ppm. The maximum decrease in productivity of barley crop (45%) in rabi season and minimum inrice crop (7%) in kharif season were simulated when a decrease in temperature by 3 0C and solar radiation by 2.5 per cent from normal. Highest counter-balance on productivity of rice crop (13%) in kharif season and lowest in barja crop (-23%) of kharif season were simulated when an increase in temperature by 3 0C from normal under expected enhanced CO2 concentration of 660 ppm.

[1] The Arabian Sea has an excess evaporation over precipitation regime. The southeast Arabian Sea is, however, anomalous because it has ∼2800-4800 mm rainfall during the southwest monsoon (SWM). Despite a high rainfall, the fluvial influence on supply of total suspended matter (TSM) and marine productivity is deemed insignificant and remains unevaluated. We evaluated the poorly resolved influence of fluvial influx on shelf processes. We documented low salinity, stratification, high productivity, and turbidity over the entire inner shelf (chlorophyll-a ∼2.4 mg m −3 ; PO 4 3− >2.5 mM; NO 3 − 6.8-2.1 mM; TSM 88-182 mg l −1; salinity nearshore region 26; offshore region 33.8-34.6 practical salinity units). The deeper regions (>40 m), however, had greatly reduced TSM and nutrient levels (NO 3 − and PO 4 −3 <1.0 mM), TSM (<24 mg l −1 ), and patches of high chlorophyll-a. Upon cessation of the SWM, nutrient levels and TSM reduced considerably. We identify two processes that contribute to the marine productivity and turbidity during the SWM. Over the deeper regions, there is a poor influence of fluvial supply and upwelling regulates productivity. Over the shallow inner shelf, the sequestering of fluvial influx due to the prevalence of strong winds, upwelling, and equatorward flow is dominant. The later processes induced high marine productivity and eutrophication in the nearshore region and may have implications for siltation of channels. Reduced turbidity, nutrient and chlorophyll-a levels, and higher salinity of the coastal waters during rest of the year imply a substantial role of fluvial fluxes on coastal processes.

The InfoCrop v 1.1 model was calibrated and validated with experimental data of 3 cultivars of rice (NDR-97, NDR-359 and Swarna Sub-1) conducted during 2002-2012 at Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.). The model performance was evaluated using MAE, MBE, RMSE and it was observed that InfoCrop model was able to predict the growth parameters like days taken to anthesis, maximum leaf area index, biomassand yield with reasonably good accuracy (error % less than 10).

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The present study was conducted by using data from the experiment carried out at Crop Research Station, N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Bahraich (U. P.) during kharif 2006 and 2007. The experiment was conducted with three sowing dates in kharif season with one cultivar (HQPM-1). Sowing dates of experimental crop were 25 May, 15 June and 5 July. Genetic coefficients required for the CERES-Maize V 4.0 model for simulation of the growth, yield and yield attributes of maize crop have been derived for maize cultivar HQPM-1 for this agroclimatic zone. Simulated values obtained were validated against observed values of field experiment during kharif 2008. Results revealed that the simulated values of anthesis, physiological maturity, yield and yield attributes (like stalk, number of grains and test weight) were fairly well with measured values within the error percentage of 3.5, 6.5, 2.8, 23.8, 12.3 and 12.4%, respectively.

In this paper the rainfall features at different raingauge stations of Goa state have been studied for the period of 30 years. The statistical parameters such as mean monthly rainfall, Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation have been computed for each raingauge station of Goa. Some heavy rainfall events during the period have also been studied. The study shows the significant rising trend of rainfall towards the eastern parts of Goa. Goa experiences an average rainfall of about 330 cm annually and around 90% of annual rainfall occurs during southwest monsoon season i.e. (June to September). Studies revealed that most of heavy rainfall events caused due to active off-shore trough and low pressure systems formed over southeast Arabian Sea. It has also come out from the study that the orography of Goa plays an important role in rainfall distribution. Valpoi receives maximum rainfall due to its orographic effect.

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