This article described the protective properties of Cr coatings with a barrier layer composed of ZrO2/Cr multilayers deposited onto E110 zirconium alloy. The coatings with a ZrO2/Cr multilayer thickness of 100, 250, and 750 nm and single-layer (1.5 µm) ZrO2 barrier were obtained by multi-cathode magnetron sputtering in Ar + O2 atmosphere. Then, cracking resistance and oxidation behavior were studied under conditions of thermal cycling (1000 °C) in air and high-temperature oxidation at 1200–1400 °C in a water steam. The role of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers and multilayer thickness on cracking resistance of the experimental coatings and oxidation resistance of the coated E110 alloy was discussed. It was shown that the coatings with more quantity of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers have higher cracking resistance, but such types of samples have a large amount of coating spallation under thermal cycling. The high-temperature steam oxidation (1200–1400 °C) demonstrated that interfaces of the ZrO2/Cr multilayers can act as a source of cavities formed by the Kirkendall mechanism that results in accelerating Cr–Zr interdiffusion for Cr-coated E110 alloy.
This paper presents the results of the study of resistance to corrosion of zirconium fuel element cladding fragments protected with nichrome and chrome coatings. Experiments were conducted on coatings deposition on fuel element claddings by cathodic arc deposition and electrochemical deposition methods. Argon ion beam pretreatment of the cladding surface is shown to have a beneficial effect on coating adhesion. Studies of resilience of the coatings were conducted in the atmosphere of super-heated steam at 900 °C and with an exposure of up to 10000 seconds. It has been shown that the coatings deposited impede formation of ZrO2 oxide layer at the outer surface and reduce the depth of oxygen penetration into the metallic sublayer as compared with the samples in their original condition.
Results of the development of protective chromium-containing coatings based on the FeCrNi and CrNi systems for fuel claddings within framework of the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) are presented in this paper. Coatings were deposited by the outer surface of cladding tubes fragments from E110 o.ch. alloy (sponge-based Zr-1%Nb) up to 500 mm length by complex ion-plasma treatment on ILUR-03 and KVK-10 installations. The results of the control tests carried out in high-temperature steam at the GAZPAR bench at 1200 °C up to 400 s showed that Cr-FeCrNi-Cr and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings reduce total oxygen penetration into the alloy from 144 to 98 and 55 μm, respectively and Cr-CrNi-Cr coatings with a Mo barrier layer completely block the diffusion of oxygen into the material.
The work presents the results of a study of corrosion resistance of chrome-coated fragments of zirconium cladding of VVER-1000 reactor fuel elements. The coatings had been deposited by electrochemical deposition on the standard cladding fragments with pre-treated surfaces. Gas-dynamic treatment of the surface with chrome powder proved to have a positive effect on the surface-to-cladding adhesion. Annealing at a temperature of 400 °C contributes to relieving of the residual stresses resulting from the gas-dynamic treatment. Investigation of the durability of the coatings was performed under exposure to overheated steam at a temperature of 1200 °C and exposure period of up to 1500 s. As it has been demonstrated, the produced coatings hinder formation of ZrO2 oxide layer at the outer surface and reduce the depth of penetration of oxygen into the metallic sublayer, in comparison with the specimens in the original condition. All this contributes to retention of the residual ductility of the tested specimens at the level of no less than 2%.
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