SUMMARY Introduction.Although many previous studies have reported on the high success rate of short dental implants, prosthetic design still plays an important role in the long-term implant treatment results. This study aims to evaluate stress distribution characteristics involved with various prosthetic designs on standard implants or short implants in the posterior maxilla. Materials and methods. Six finite element models were simulated representing the missing first and second maxillary molars. A standard implant (PW+ implant: 5.0x10 mm) and a short implant (PW+ implant: 5.0x6.0 mm) were applied under the various prosthetic conditions. The peri-implant maximum bone stress (V on mises stress) was evaluated when 200 N 30° oblique load was applied. A type III bone was approximated and complete osseous integration was assumed. Results. Maximum Von mises stress was numerically located at the cortical bone around the implant neck in all models.In every standard implant model shows better stress distribution. Stress values and concentration area decreased in the cortical and cancellous bone when implants were splinted in both the standard and short implant models. With regard to the non-replacing second molar models found that the area of stress at the cortical bone around the first molar implant to be more intensive. Moreover, in the non-replacing second molar models, the stress also spread to the second pre-molar in both the standard and short implant models. Conclusions. The length of the implant and prosthetics designs both affect the stress value and distribution of stress to the cortical and cancellous bones around the implant.
Glutinous rice bran (GRB) is a byproduct of milling rice. Because of its high protein content, GRB can be used to produce protein hydrolysate with antioxidative properties. The antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate depends on hydrolysis conditions. In this study, protein from GRB cv. RD6 was prepared and then subjected to proteolytic hydrolysis by alcalase. The hydrolysis conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). We investigated two independent variables: the enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratio (0.59-3.41%, w/w) and the time taken for hydrolysis to occur (45-555 minutes). The E/S ratio and hydrolysis time significantly affected the yield, DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, degree of hydrolysis (DH), and average molecular weight (MW) of the protein hydrolysates. The optimum conditions for hydrolysis were an E/S ratio of 2.84% and 480 minutes for hydrolysis, which obtained a yield of 40.73 ± 0.44%, an IC 50 value of 0.87 ± 0.02 mg/ml in the DPPH assay, a metal chelating activity of 72.80 ± 1.79%, a DH of 22.18 ± 0.42% and a MW of 3.07 ± 0.14 kDa. GRB protein hydrolysate, produced using alcalase, could have potential applications as an ingredient in functional food products due to its high antioxidative properties.
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