The medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system modifies cochlear output to aid signal detection in noise, but the precise role of efferents in speech-in-noise understanding remains unclear. The current study examined the contribution of the MOC reflex for speech recognition in noise in 30 normal-hearing young adults (27 females, mean age = 22.7 yr). The MOC reflex was assessed using contralateral inhibition of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Speech-in-noise perception was evaluated using the coordinate response measure presented in ipsilateral speech-shaped noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) ranging from −12 to 0 dB. Performance was assessed without and with the presence of contralateral noise to activate the MOC reflex. Performance was significantly better with contralateral noise only at the lowest SNR. There was a trend of better performance with increasing contralateral inhibition at the lowest SNR. Threshold of the psychometric function was significantly correlated with contralateral inhibition. Response time on the speech task was not significantly correlated with contralateral inhibition. Results suggest that the MOC reflex contributes to listening in low SNRs and the relationship between the MOC reflex and perception is highly dependent upon the task characteristics.
variable with possible covariates in multiple regression modeling.Results The prevalence of moderate to severe depression in the PT population was 41.2%. Multiple regression to predict PHQ-9 diagnosed depression based on TFI total score, clinical variables, and demographics showed a significant odds ratio for TFI (OR: 1.084, CI: 1.065-1.096, p<0.001). The increase of sub-scores for quality of life interference and emotionality showed significant increases in odds for depression (OR: 1.031, CI: 1.016-1.046, p<0.001; OR: 1.042, CI: 1.027-1.058, p<0.001). Unemployed vs. employed and laterality were also associated with an increased odds of depression, and age with decreased odds while controlling for tinnitus score.Moderate to severe anxiety was present in 43.1%. Multiple regression analysis showed TFI was associated with increased of odds for anxiety (OR: 1.056, CI: 1.043-1.070, p<0.001). TFI sub-scores for emotionality (OR: 1.043, p<0.001), quality of life (OR: 1.019, p<0.005), and cognitive interferences (OR: 0.983, p = 0.015) were found to be significantly associated with anxiety scores. Conclusion The estimated prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety in the US PT population is 41.2% and 43.1%, respectively, which is higher than a recent systematic review of depression in tinnitus suggesting a depression prevalence of 33%. TFI score was significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Similarly, more granular sub-scores of the TFI elucidate how PT affects the psychological health of these patients. Disclosures E.
Ischemic stroke is the primary reason for serious long‐term disability. Our recent studies demonstrated that the suppression of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 alone or in combination attenuated the post‐ischemic inflammation and brain damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the simultaneous knockdown of both TLR2 and TLR4 on post‐stroke neurological recovery in young adult male rats. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced to male Sprague‐Dawley rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure. A silicone rubber‐coated monofilament suture was introduced into the internal carotid artery via the external and common carotid arteries and pushed until it reaches the origin of the middle cerebral artery followed by removal of the monofilament after 2 hours to initiate reperfusion. Appropriate cohorts of rats were treated with a nanoparticle formulations of TLR2shRNA (T2sh) and TLR4shRNA (T4sh) expressing plasmids (1mg/kg each of T2sh and T4sh) or scrambled sequence inserted vector (SVsh; vehicle) expressing plasmids (2 mg/kg) intravenously via tail vein immediately after reperfusion. The rats from both the cohorts were subjected to various standard neurological tests such as modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), modified adhesive removal (sticky‐tape), beam walking and accelerating rotarod performance before MCAO procedure and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 after reperfusion. The sensory and motor functions of vehicle treated stroke‐induced rats were markedly impaired when tested at 1d reperfusion followed by a gradual improvement over 14 days. Prevention of the post‐ischemic induction of TLR2 and TLR4 attenuated the degree of neurological impairment and facilitated the magnitude of functional recovery. Therefore, we conclude that the post‐stroke induction of TLR2 and TLR4 in rat ischemic brain contributes to neurological deficits.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.