Any individual who progresses through life goes through various changes and transitions where ‘stress’ becomes invariably part of the journey. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the concept of academic stress as the transitions occur at an individual and social level. It, therefore, becomes imperative to understand the sources and impact of academic stress to derive adequate and efficient intervention strategies. This review aims to understand academic stress at a bio psychosocial level highlighting the impact and sources of academic stress. For the literature review, articles were collected from online databases such as EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer, PubMed, Jstor and Google Scholar. The literature search was done using keywords academic stress, academic anxiety, coping, physiological reactions of stress, academic performance, stress and mental health.The prevalence rate of stress varied from 15%-45% in studies conducted after 2000. The review examines stress and its physiological impact, cognitive and social influences, sources of stress detailing Indian findings.
Companion animals and pets can be helpful during the novel coronavirus-19 pandemic. Interactions with them and positive physical contact lead to a variety of physiological and psychological benefits. It also releases biochemicals which can further boost the immune system and enhance health and well-being. This perspective discusses the benefits of these interactions, the modes of interactions and the activities that can be used. It also highlights the individuals that should avoid this approach and the status of the animal’s health before engaging with them.
Background: This paper reviews the physiological correlates of arousal to develop a comprehensive and collective understanding of the physiological correlates of arousal that occurs at different levels, such as emotion, sexual, sleep, mood, cognitive dissonance, and temperament. Objective: Main objective of this review was to have a clear understanding of the various physiological correlates that are associated with arousal. Method: Research articles and books were searched on journals using the keywords 'physiological correlates of emotional arousal', 'physiological correlates of arousal-sleep', 'physiological correlates of sexual arousal'. Results and Conclusion: Results from the review indicated that there are numerous correlates of physiological arousal which are based on changes in bodily mechanisms, such as variations in breathing rate, cardiovascular systems, and changes in functioning in certain brain areas.
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