Ethanolic extracts of green tea leaves (GTE) and fenugreek seeds (FSE) were screened for their antibacterial activity against four food pathogenic strains using disc diffusion method. The two extracts revealed antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains. GTE showed the highest antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 1% with inhibition zone equal to 29.45 ± 0.64 mm and 25.68 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. In addition, the effect of GTE and FSE combined with chitosan coating on the shelf life of Pacific white shrimp (PWS) (Litopenaeus vannamei) during refrigerated storage have been studied. Our results indicated that using GTE or FSE during the refrigerated storage of PWS led to significantly decreased Total Volatile Bases Nitrogen, Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, total bacterial count, and pH. The sensory properties of PWS have improved considerably in the samples treated GTE or FSE. These findings suggested that the application of chitosan coating combined with GTE or FSE to PWS is advisable to achieve better quality during refrigerated storage.
The antimicrobial activities of insoluble haloge‐nated acetamidomethyl‐styrene polymers (prepared by covalent bonding of iodine to polystyrene) were assessed as were the factors determining antimicrobial efficacy. The most active materials were selected from chlorinated or iodinated polymers. Antimicrobial activities were assessed for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922; American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, U.S.A.), Saccharo‐myces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans by determining time‐course changes in microbial counts in vitro. A 2‐iodoacetamidomethylstyrene polymer (No.6‐I:‐CH2I) was found to have the greatest antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi. No.6‐1 is the first antimicrobial material that did not make an inhibition hollow in the conventional diffusion test or for which conjugated iodine showed antibacterial activity. This material can be introduced into styrene units on the surface of devices by chemical modification. This material was most active at 37oC. For coated dishes, antimicrobial activity depended on the depth or swollen character of the reactive layer. No.6‐1 requires not only a minimum width of polymer layer, but also frequent contact with microbes to have an antimicrobial effect. No.6‐1 is valuable as a new material because it has strong antimicrobial activity by itself but does not release active iodine. This material is expected to have various applications in implantable clinical devices.
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