Increasingly, primary health care teams (PHCTs) depend on the contributions of multiple professionals. However, conflict is inevitable on teams. This article examines PHCTs members' experiences with conflict and responses to conflict. This phenomenological study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 121 participants from 16 PHCTs (10 urban and 6 rural) including a wide range of health care professionals. An iterative analysis process was used to examine the verbatim transcripts. The analysis revealed three main themes: sources of team conflict; barriers to conflict resolution; and strategies for conflict resolution. Sources of team conflict included: role boundary issues; scope of practice; and accountability. Barriers to conflict resolution were: lack of time and workload; people in less powerful positions; lack of recognition or motivation to address conflict; and avoiding confrontation for fear of causing emotional discomfort. Team strategies for conflict resolution included interventions by team leaders and the development of conflict management protocols. Individual strategies included: open and direct communication; a willingness to find solutions; showing respect; and humility. Conflict is inherent in teamwork. However, understanding the potential barriers to conflict resolution can assist PHCTs in developing strategies to resolve conflict in a timely fashion.
Abstract. In this paper, the characteristics of radio transmitter fingerprints will be examined by analyzing both the amplitude and phase information obtained from complex envelope recordings of transmitter turn-on transients. The interest in the analysis of such transients is related to the identification of malfunctioning or illegally operated radio transmitters in support of radio spectrum management practices. Of the 28 VHF radios considered in this study, many were found to produce fingerprints having uniquely distinctive features which could be used for identification purposes. Unfortunately, some of these radios were found to have fingerprints that were virtually indistinguishable from each other, making the identification process more difficult, if not impossible. Details of the equipment, analyses, and data collection procedures will be presented along with a discussion of the experimental results. The merits of this technique over others currently in use will also be presented. IntroductionWhen a radio transmitter is activated or "keyed," it goes through a relatively short transient phase during which the signal emanating from the unit displays characteristics that are believed to be unique to the extent that they can be used to unambiguously identify an individual transmitter [Toonstra and Kinsner, 1995]. These signatures or transients are often referred to as "fingerprints" and have been attributed to a number of potential causes (which will not be dealt with in this paper) such as the lock-in times associated with phase-locked loop ( Experimental Setup and Data CollectionOne advantage of the complex envelope technique is that amplitude, phase, and, consequently, frequency information can be extracted from the recorded fingerprints. By virtue of this additional information it is likely that a greater number of features can be found, which may aid in the identification process. To obtain the complex envelope, a quadra-
Abstract. The radar system described here (CMOR) comprises a basic 5-element receiving system, co-located with a pulsed transmitter, specifically designed to observe meteor echoes and to determine their position in space with an angular resolution of ∼1 • and a radial resolution of ∼3 km. Two secondary receiving sites, a few km distant and arranged to form approximately a right angle with the base station, allow the determination of the velocity (speed and direction) of the meteor that, together with the time of occurrence, lead to an estimate of the orbit of the original meteoroid. Some equipment details are presented along with a method used to determine the orbits. Representative echoes are shown and observations on the 2002 Leonid shower presented.
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