A real-time PCR with hybridization and fluorescent detection was used to analyze the distribution of p53 G215C, p21A1026G, and G369C gene polymorphisms in patients with stomach cancer and healthy subjects. It was found that allele C, genotypes of CC and GC of G215C p53, and G369C p21 polymorphisms and allele A and AA and GA genotypes of A1026G p21 polymorphism are significantly associated with the risk of stomach cancer development.
We analyzed the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in tumor tissue in stomach and colorectal cancer with and without tissue eosinophilia. Low expression of galectin-3 was detected in all patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors irrespective of the presence of eosinophilia. Low expression of galectin-1 was detected only in patients with gastrointestinal cancer associated with eosinophilia. Association of galectin-1 expression with eosinophilic infiltration of the tumor tissue in stomach and colorectal cancer was detected.
The variants distribution of polymorphic sites -1026G>A and -369G>C of the p21 gene in gastric cancer according to tumor histological type (intestinal or diffuse gastric cancer) and the tumor stage (with or without metastases) was investigated. DNA samples isolated from the morphologically intact stomach tissue obtained from the resection margin from 200 gastric cancer patients via standard methods, were studied for polymorphisms -1026G>A and -369G>C of the p21 gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescence detection using the appropriate pairs of oligonucleotide primers and probes. The carriage of allele A and genotype AA of the polymorphism -1026G>A, as well as allele C and genotype CC of the polymorphism -369G>C of the p21 gene, were predominantly associated with diffuse histological type of gastric cancer. In the cohort of patients with metastatic gastric cancer, the frequencies of allele C, genotypes GC and CC of the polymorphism -369G>C, and allele A, genotype AA of the polymorphism -1026G>A of the p21 gene, were statistically higher compared to the corresponding parameters of patients with non-metastatic gastric cancer.
Aim. To study the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in colon cancer and the levels of these proteins in the peripheral blood in relation to the differentiation, invasion, and metastatic dissemination.Materials and Methods. We examined primary tumors and the corresponding peripheral blood samples from 81 patients with colon cancer. Control group consisted of 49 patients with colon adenoma and 17 healthy volunteers. Expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in colon tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining, while their plasma level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor staging was performed in accordance with the TNM system (AJCC, 2009). Cell differentiation was defined according to the respective clinical guidelines (Russian Cancer Association, 2018).Results. We detected an elevated expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in primary colon cancer as compared with colon adenoma and higher plasma levels of these proteins in colon cancer patients in comparison with healthy volunteers. High expression of tumor and plasma galectin-1 was associated with higher tumor stage (T3/T4) and the presence of local and distant metastases. Overexpression of galectin-3 in the primary tumor correlated with lower differentiation and lymph node metastasis.Conclusion. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are involved in colon cancer progression and might be used as predictors of an adverse outcome.
Aim. To study molecular genetic and morphological features of neoplasms in stomach and colon cancer associated with tissue eosinophilia.
Methods. Study material was the tissue samples of malignant neoplasms of the stomach and colon obtained from the surgical procedures. Study groups were identified depending on the presence or absence of eosinophilic infiltration of the tumour tissue as well as on neoplasm localization. Medical records and outpatient patient cards were analyzed, presence of matastases in regional lymph nodes and grade of differentiation of malignant cells were evaluated. In tumour tissue expression of p53 and p21 proteins was evaluated by means of immunohistochemical technique. To study the distribution of polymorphic variants of р53 (G215C) and р21 (A1026G) genes, deoxyribonucleic acid extraction was performed from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from the resection margins. Polymorphism genotyping of deoxyribonucleic acid samples was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplification products with the use of polymerase chain reaction of specific genome regions with further visualization with ultraviolet light.
Results. In patients with colon cancer associated with tissue eosinophilia tumour cells were shown to have higher grade of differentiation than in patients without eosinophilia. In stomach cancer associated with eosinophilic infiltration low expression of mutant p53 protein was revealed significantly more frequently as opposed to cancer without eosinophilia. Also in patients with stomach and colon cancer, association of tissue eosinophilia with carriage of G allele of р53 (G215C) gene polymorphism was found.
Conclusion. Tissue eosinophilia in stomach and colon cancer is associated with favourable morphological cancer characteristics, low expression of mutant p53 protein and carriage of G allele of р53 (G215C) polymorphism.
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