Experimental and theoretical results from around the world point to the possibility of high confinement, high-p, and high-bootstrap-fraction steady-state tokamak operating modes. These modes of operation, if fully developed and extended to steady-state, could lead to much less expensive tokamak demonstration power reactors and to a significantly reduced cost-of-electricity from fusion, as compared to projections based on low&, pulsed operating modes. Present results have clear implications in the areas of particle control, plasma shaping, and current-profile control. Thus they have strongly influenced the design of the steady-state advanced tokamak Tl'X[lI, which has the mission to combine the best results from present experiments and extend them to steady-state. These results also have important implications for follow-up tests in ITERE], which have the goal of studying advanced-tokamak operation in an ignited plasma, as well as for the eventual configuration of an advanced-tokamak fusion reactor.
Anomalous diffusion arising from a low-frequency flute instability is investigated in a Penning discharge. Theory and experiment on the instability are compared, and measurements of the turbulent fields are used to determine statistical transport rates. Finally, a small magnetic well is created with Ioffe bars to suppress the instability and lower the loss rate.
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