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Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication following bone marrow transplantation; however, no effective molecular-targeting therapy has been determined. Here, we show that mice that received allogeneic splenocytes deficient in DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) had significantly milder GVHD and lower mortality than those that received allogeneic WT splenocytes. Donor CD8 + T cells deficient in DNAM-1 showed significantly less proliferation and infiltration of the liver and intestines of recipient mice and produced less IFN-γ after coculture with allogeneic splenocytes than WT CD8 + T cells. Mice prophylactically treated with an anti-DNAM-1 antibody showed milder GVHD and lower mortality than those treated with a control antibody. Moreover, treatment with a single administration of the antibody after the overt onset of GVHD ameliorated GVHD and prolonged survival. Finally, we show that the anti-DNAM-1 antibody therapy also ameliorated the overt GVHD in lethally irradiated mice after MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. These results indicate that DNAM-1 plays an important role in the development of GVHD and is an ideal molecular target for therapeutic approaches to GVHD. costimulation | bone marrow transplant

Although a longer and more extensive follow-up is needed, CyberKnife fractionated radiosurgery is considered to be safe and effective, even in patients with large tumors.

Red fluorescence of PpIX was observed in hepatoma cells, tumors of HCC mouse models and HCC of patients. PDD of HCC using 5-ALA is simple and may be useful for real-time diagnosis during liver resection.

No abstract