The compositions of rice bran oils (RBO) and three commercial vegetable oils were investigated. For refined groundnut oil, refined sunflower oil, and refined safflower oil, color values were 1.5-2.0 Lovibond units, unsaponifiable matter contents were 0.15-1.40%, tocopherol contents were 30-60 mg%, and FFA levels were 0.05-0.10%, whereas refined RBO samples showed higher values of 7.6-15.5 Lovibond units for color, 2.5-3.2% for unsaponifiable matter, 48-70 mg% for tocopherols content, and 0.14-0.55% for FFA levels. Of the four oils, only RBO contained oryzanol, ranging from 0.14 to 1.39%. Highoryzanol RBO also showed higher FFA values compared with the other vegetable oils studied. The analyses of FA and glyceride compositions showed higher palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid contents than reported values in some cases and higher partial glycerides content in RBO than the commonly used vegetable oils. Consequently, the TG level was 79.9-92% in RBO whereas it was >95% in the other oils studied. Thus, refined RBO showed higher FFA values, variable oryzanol contents, and higher partial acylglycerol contents than commercial vegetable oils having lower FFA values and higher TG levels. The higher oryzanol levels in RBO may contribute to the higher FFA values in this oil.
Model oil systems containing physically refined rice bran oil to which oryzanol was added were examined to determine the effects of oryzanol concentration on FFA values. When oryzanol was added to the model oils at a 0.5% level and FFA was determined, increases in FFA value were 0.28% as determined with phenolphthalein, 0.58% with thymolphthalein, and 0.07% with alkali blue 6B. Oils containing added oryzanol at 0.5-1.5% showed a proportionate increase in FFA values with an average increase of 0.413% per gram of oryzanol. A direct titration of purified oryzanol showed an acidity of 42.5% expressed as FFA. In spectroscopic studies, the phenolic group in the ferulic acid moiety of oryzanol was titrated by sodium hydroxide. Based on these data, indicator correction factors for oryzanol's acidity and a formula for calculating real FFA content of vegetable oils containing oryzanol were developed.Paper no. J11198 in JAOCS 83, 999-1005999- (December 2006.
The new compounds 6,6a-dihydro-2,3-dimethoxy-9-nitro-11bH benzo [C]-fluoren 5,7-dione, 6,6a-dihydro-2,3-dimethoxy-9-chloro-11bH benzo[C]-fluoren-5,7-dione and 6,6a-dihydro-2,3-dimethoxy-9-fluoro-11bH benzo[C]-fluoren-5,7-dione were synthesized in high yields. They are analogues of naturally occurring lignan podophyllotoxin which exhibits anticancer activity. They are very essential to study anticancer activity.
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