Medical radioisotope 68 Ga / Proton and alpha-particle induced reactions / Excitation function / Integral yield / 66 Ga and 67 Ga contamination levels Summary. Experimentally measured cross sections are presented for the nat Cu(α, xn) 66,67,68 Ga and 68 Zn( p, xn) 67,68 Ga nuclear processes up to 36 and 20 MeV, respectively. Based on these results and the reliable cross section data available in the literature, the possible thick target yields were also calculated. Two different 68 Ga production routes (Cu + α and Zn + p) are discussed in detail, especially with regard to the 66 Ga and 67 Ga contamination levels as a function of the target enrichment level and the incident bombarding energies. Both processes can be used for in-house 68 Ga production with low (< 1%) 66 Ga and/or 67 Ga EOB contamination using enriched 68 Zn (> 80%) or 65 Cu (> 95%) target. The maximum available yield on 100% enriched 68 Zn and 65 Cu (irradiation time: 2.25 h; bombarding energy: E p = 20 MeV and E α = 18 MeV) is 352.45 mCi/µA (13.04 GBq/µA) and 14.28 mCi/µA (528.36 MBq/µA), respectively.
The magnetic properties of iron atoms implanted into a sapphire crystal at a dose from 4×1016 to 1×1017 Fe/cm2 were investigated using conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy at low temperature. It was confirmed that the components in the Mössbauer spectra which have been assigned to the Fe4+ state so far by other researchers are caused by fine particles of metallic iron, and about 75% of the implanted iron atoms stabilize in the form of fine particles of α iron at high implantation dose. Growth of the fine particles was simulated with a computer, and the expected Mössbauer spectra were calculated considering the influence of the nearest neighbors and next-nearest neighbors on the magnetic hyperfine field of the iron atoms. The simulated spectra agrees well with the experimentally observed spectra on the whole.
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