Cognitive systems as self-organizing systems have a number of special properties, including the ability to function in a mode of non-equilibrium stability, which, in turn, provides the possibility of self-organization of the system by transforming its structure. In this case, one of the most important is the task of monitoring the functioning of the system in the mode of non-equilibrium stability. The development of a method for controlling the functioning of cognitive systems in the mode of non-equilibrium stability is based on the previously proposed model of non-equilibrium stability, which assumes a probabilistic assessment of the effectiveness of the structural elements of the system. To assess the effectiveness of structural elements, a method based on the principle of comparative preference is proposed. The method is implemented using an appropriate algorithm, which made it possible to numerically simulate it in order to determine the accuracy of evaluating the effectiveness of structural elements. Modeling has shown that the accuracy of the assessment depends on the number of structural elements and on the number of performance indicators. As a result of the simulation, the areas of non-equilibrium stability of the system functioning were determined for a different number of structural elements and the probability of their effectiveness. The proposed control method makes it possible to determine the position of the area of non-equilibrium stability in the phase space of the system functioning and, on the basis of this, evaluate both the current state of the system and predict the possible state of the system when it leaves the region of non-equilibrium stability.
The results of the practical implementation of a method for preparing calibration standards based on magnetron sputtering of a chromium film on the surface of the standard are presented. This film is an electrically conductive layer that preserves the topography of relief elements and allows scanning without charge accumulation in the sample. The results obtained showed that the sputtering of thin chromium films on the surface of height standards, the relief elements of which have different reflection coefficients, makes it possible to measure the heights of such standards with a fairly low error.
Reference gage calibration methods of probe nanometry systems are considered in this work. Existing methods for calibrating reference standards provide high measurement accuracy, but at the same time are distinguished by a high complexity of practical implementation, in particular, the interferometric method, or low accuracy, but with simple practical implementation. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a calibration methodology that provides a sufficiently high measurement accuracy with a relatively simple practical implementation. The paper proposes a methodology based on the combined use of two methods: a comparative assessment of the step heights of the calibrated gages using one of the probe nanometry systems and the precision measurement of the step height of one of the calibrated gages by computer three-dimensional reconstruction of images in a scanning electron microscope. The components of the measurement uncertainty arising when determining the height of the steps of the calibration standards are investigated. The calculated value of the expanded uncertainty showed that the achievable measurement accuracy is comparable to the accuracy of the interferometric method with a simpler practical implementation. Practical testing of the proposed methodology has shown that the use of calibration techniques developed on its basis provides high accuracy and reproducibility of the results obtained.
The authors have developed an algorithm for monitoring the functioning of nonequilibrium systems, which is based on such operations as establishing the range for permissible values of efficiency probabilities of structural elements functioning, establishing permissible values of structural elements amount, plotting the system entropy dependence on structural elements amount and their effectiveness probability, constructing phase space of the system functioning and determination of the boundaries of regions with nonequilibrium stability. Practical testing of the developed algorithm for monitoring the functioning of nonequilibrium systems has shown that this algorithm can be used to solve several practical problems related to functioning monitoring and predicting the state of a wide variety of nonequilibrium systems.
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