The PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Power Plant has 2.2 GW of installed capacity and is connected to the main grid by three 345 kV series-compensated lines. These lines are, on average, over 200 miles long. In order to operate at full capacity and maintain stability during a system contingency, Jim Bridger requires a generation-shedding remedial action scheme (RAS). PacifiCorp is modernizing and upgrading this scheme. The design of the RAS requires inputs from the protection systems and a special RAS logic relay on critical lines near Jim Bridger. This relay communicates the severity of the fault so that the proper amount of generation is shed, maintaining stability without overshedding. The RAS logic relay must quickly and accurately classify the fault in one of three categories: three phase, multiphase, or single line to ground. It must also accurately classify the fault as severe or nonsevere, as determined by the distance from the Jim Bridger bus. This paper discusses the design of the RAS system, the challenges faced in designing the RAS logic relay, the novel method that was developed for classifying the fault type, and the validation and optimization of the RAS logic relay using a realtime digital simulator.
The consolidation of unit power capacities and the complication of technology with the objective need to reduce the number of attendants (operating personnel) are conditions that determine the need for further centralization of control and establish new requirements for control systems (CS) and technological processes (TP) at electric power plants. The problem of developing a technological system having an optimum automated control system (ACS) has emerged in this connection. This problem is solved by many members of design and operating organizations.Beginning in the mid-1930s, active work involving the automation of hydroelectric plants --the development and implementation of automated and automatic control systems for the technological process using various technical means, including, use of computer techniques beginning in the 1960s --has been performed in our country.Dwelling briefly on the very concept of ACS, we entered our practice at the close of the 1960s. State standards (GOST 19675-74, 16084-75, 20913-75, 17195-76, etc.) treat ACSTP as a system containing complex of technical facilities --CTF --including computer-technlque facilities. This course, on the one hand, makes it impossible to classify any control system realizing the necessary technological algorithms on the basis of any technical facilities, but without electronic computers, as an automated control system, and Section 2.6 of GOST 20913-75 "ACSTP development stage" permits the absence of programmable computer-technique facilities in the system. Previous concepts were "automatic systems for controlling technological processes in industry" (GOST 17195-70) and "a system for the automatic control of technological processes (SACTP) in industry" (GOST 16084-70). These GOSTs, which have now been revoked, interpreted more definitively the role played by the electronic computer in control systems built around both electronic computers, and also other technical facilities. True, attempts are again being made to correct matters concerning the concepts "automatic control systems using electronic computers" or "automation using computer techniques," but all this is still just an open discussion of active "rigid" GOSTs; the need for revision and more precise definition of these GOSTs has already been brought to light.t Many technological complexes, e.g., pumping, compressor, and diesel plants, certain electric power plants, and other facilities are completely automated, and function without permanent operating personnel; at the present time, however, their control systems remain unnamed, and there are no All-Unlon standards for the development of these systems.The maneuverability of hydroelectric power plants and the possibility of regulating river flows at the majority of these plants are their most important qualities. It is impossible to utilize these qualities of the hydroelectric plant to the fullest extent and solve problems dealing with improved efficiency and reliabillty of plant operation, reduction in the number of operating personnel, and imp...
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