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The marine environment has proved to be a promising source of antioxidant compounds as several novel molecules that are derived from sponges, sea weed and marine microbes exhibit good antioxidant properties. Though the secondary metabolites of T. anhelans are being explored world wide, studies related with antioxidant property of its associated bacteria are very limited. In the present study, several Bacillus sp. with just 97 % similarity with its closest match in Gen Bank were isolated, and found to show free radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity was stable at alkaline pH and the GC-MS spectra showed the presence of several anti-oxidant compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial cultures. To the best of our knowledge the present study is first of its kind to report about bacteria associated with the T. anhelans with antioxidant activity.

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A strain of Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from Tedania anhelans (marine sponge) collected from Indian Ocean (8°22'30″N latitude and 76°59'16″ longitude) and deposited in culture collection centers. The strain subjected to different culture conditions for production of extrolites were extracted using ethyl acetate and chloroform. When both extracts were subjected for antibacterial activity, latter had high activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration of chloroform extract ranged from 31.25-1000 μg/mL in tested microbes such as, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium vaccae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae. No cytotoxicity was observed in Vero cell line up to 399.10 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity previously reported by Parameswaran et al. in 1997 from ethyl acetate extract of T. anhelans might be due to the diketopiperazines, Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) and Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro) produced by the associated fungi-P. chrysogenum DSOA. It is producing a metabolites having antimycobacterial activity, a first report.

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