Sex determination from skeletal remains is an important task for forensic experts in medicolegal cases. Aim of the study: The present study was done to know the relationship of sex with the shape of hyoid bone. Material and methods: A total of 100 hyoid bones, 66 males and 34 females, in different age groups were studied. Results and discussion: According to the study, hyoid bones were highly polymorphic in shape across the ages in both sexes. In adult males, V shape is more common (36.16 %) when compared to U shaped hyoid bone (35.29%) in adult females. Conclusion: To be more accurate, the study of hyoid bone alone will be inadequate in sex determination and needs to be considered along with the measurements of other bones of the same individual.
Painful conditions of unexplained origin pose a challenging task for the clinician from both the diagnosis and treatment perspective. This might be accounted due to overlapping symptomatology; moreover, nonspecific subjective findings push the diagnostic process to a more perplexing direction. The main loophole in their management lies in difficulty to make an appropriate diagnosis. Clicking hyoid is an extremely rare anomaly of hyoid bone which produces painful clicking in throat. Here, we report a case of a young patient presented with pain and clicking in throat which aggravated on swallowing. After a series of examinations, it was diagnosed as clicking hyoid and was managed successfully by surgical treatment. The objective of this article is not only to increase awareness of the ailment so as to validate its existence but also demonstrate the significant utility of the surgical management.
A good knowledge on the morphology of abdominal aorta (AA) and its branches is important in diagnosis and surgical treatment. The aim of this study is to make morphometric measurements of AA and its branches. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 AA that has been removed in autopsies and were measured with calipers morphometrically to determine diameter and distances between branches. The variations of the vessels were investigated and photographed. Result: The mean diameter of AA was studied at various levels and recorded. The study showed a decrease in caliber from above to below. In both sexes, diameter of Aorta above 40yrs age group is more than age group less than 40yrs. The average distance from CT-AB, CT-SMA, SMA-IMA and IMA-AB were measured as 10.92cm, 0.67cm, 4.9cm, 3.27cm, respectively.. Numerous variations were observed during the study which include absence of renal artery, origin of renal arteries one above the other, 3pairs of lumbar arteries etc. Conclusion: An expertise knowledge in morphology of AA and its branches is crucial in the diagnosis, surgical treatment and endovascular interventions of these vessels.
A thyroglossal duct cyst is an embryological remnant which persists due to failure in the closure of thyroglossal duct. Worldwide the prevalence of thyroglossal cysts is about 7%. There is no sexual predominance seen. Normally at about 10th week of gestation the thyroglossal duct involutes, if there is any persistent duct remnant then this can lead to thyroglossal duct cyst formation. There is 1% chance of malignant transformation (papillary carcinoma). A 21-year-old female presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat Department with the complaint of swelling in front of the neck for the past one month. A 2×1.5 cm2 swelling was observed in the anterior aspect of neck-infrahyoid region extending till thyroid notch. The swelling moved upwards with protrusion of the tongue and deglutition. Ultrasound neck revealed a complex cystic lesion in midline of neck of size 2×1×2.2 cm3 suggestive of thyroglossal cyst. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) showed features suggestive of thyroglossal duct cyst. Patient was prepared for Sistrunk procedure. Intraoperatively multiple tracts of thyroglossal duct cyst were seen and the same were removed in toto. Patient was on regular follow-up postoperatively for a period of one year and no evidence of any recurrence was seen.
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